Proteases

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a novel class of serine proteases of peptidase family S2A or S1E that are stable in the presence of copper (Cu2+) and/or inhibited by copper only to a limited extent. Structural features of potential relevance for this effect are also disclosed. This class of proteases includes proteases derived from  Brachysporiella gayana, Nocardiopsis dassonvillei  subsp.  dassonvillei, Nocardiopsis prasina,  and  Nocardiopsis alba,  but excludes the known proteases derived from  Metarhizium anisopliae  and  Nocardiopsis  sp. NRRL 18262. The invention also relates to DNA encoding such proteases, the expression thereof in a host cell, includiThe invention relates to a novel class of serine proteases of peptidase family S2A or S1E that are stable in the presence of copper (Cu2+) and/or inhibited by copper only to a limited extent. Structural features of potential relevance for this effect are also disclosed. This class of proteases includes proteases derived from  Brachysporiella gayana, Nocardiopsis dassonvillei  subsp.  dassonvillei, Nocardiopsis prasina,  and  Nocardiopsis alba,  but excludes the known proteases derived from  Metarhizium anisopliae  and  Nocardiopsis  sp. NRRL 18262. The invention also relates to DNA encoding such proteases, the expression thereof in a host cell, including animal and plant cells, as well as to the use thereof, e.g. in animal feed and in detergents. In particular, the invention relates to animal feed and animal feed additives, such as premix, incorporating these proteases together with 1-500 ppm Cu (in-feed-concentration).

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a certain class of serine proteasesthat are stable and/or relatively unaffected by copper, as well as toDNA encoding these proteases, their recombinant production, and theiruse in animal feed and detergents.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The cloning and expression of a protease derived from Metarhiziumanisopliae is disclosed by Steven E. Screen and Raymond J. St. Leger inThe Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 275, No. 9, 2000, pp6689-6694. The nucleotide sequence, chy1, thereof is shown in thesequence listing as SEQ ID NO: 3, and the deduced amino acid sequence,CHY1, as SEQ ID NO: 4 (TREMBL:Q9Y843).

Proteases derived from Nocardiopsis sp. NRRL 18262 and Nocardiopsisdassonvillei NRRL 18133 are described in WO 88/03947. The DNA and aminoacid sequences of the protease derived from Nocardiopsis sp. NRRL 18262are shown in DK patent application no. 1996 00013. WO 01/58276 describesthe use in animal feed of acid-stable proteases related to the proteasederived from Nocardiopsis sp. NRRL no. 18262. JP 2255081 A describes aprotease purified from Nocardiopsis sp. FERM P-1-508. GDR patent no. DD2,004,328 discloses a protease derived from Nocardiopsis dassonvilleiZIMET 43647.

It is an object of the present invention to provide alternativeproteases for various industrial uses, for example for use in animalfeed and/or detergents.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a protease of peptidase family S2A or S1E whichi) has a residual activity of at least 0.80 after incubation for 164hours, at pH7 and 25° C., in assay buffer supplemented with 0.1%K-Sorbate, and in the presence of 1 mM Cu²⁺, the residual activity beingmeasured relative to the activity after 0 hours of incubation; and/orii) has a relative activity of at least 0.66 in the presence of 1 mMCu²⁺, relative to a control without Cu²⁺; wherein the activitymeasurements of i) and ii) are on the substrate Suc-AAPF-pNA, in assaybuffer at pH7.0 and 25° C.; and wherein for the measurements of i), theprotease has a purity by SDS-PAGE of at least 90%.

The invention also relates to isolated nucleic acid sequences encodingthis protease and to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cellscomprising the nucleic acid sequences as well as methods for producingand using the protease.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a multiple alignment of the mature peptide part of proteasesderived from Nocardiopsis sp. NRRL 18262 (Protease 10, amino acids 1-188of SEQ ID NO: 2), Metarhizium anisopliae (Metarhizium protease, aminoacids 1-188 of SEQ ID NO: 4), Nocardiopsis prasina DSM 15648 (Protease11, amino acids 1-188 of SEQ ID NO: 6), Nocardiopsis prasina DSM 15649(Protease 35, amino acids 1-188 of SEQ ID NO: 8), Nocardiopsis alba DSM15647 (Protease 08, amino acids 1-188 of SEQ ID NO: 10), Nocardiopsisdassonvillei subsp. dassonvillei DSM 43235 (Protease 18, amino acids1-188 of SEQ ID NO: 12), and Brachysporiella gayana CGMCC 0865(Brachysporiella protease, amino acids 1-186 of SEQ ID NO: 14).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A description of serine proteases of peptidase families S2A and S1E isincluded in the section headed “polypeptides having protease activity.”

Stability and Inhibition in the Presence of Copper

The invention relates to proteases which are i) relatively stable in thepresence of Cu²⁺, and/or ii) inhibited by Cu²⁺ to a relatively lowextent.

Feature i) is determined as residual (=rest, or remaining) enzymeactivity after having incubated the enzyme for 164 hours, at pH7 and 25°C., in assay buffer supplemented with 0.1% K-Sorbate (for preservationpurposes), and in the presence of 1 mM Cu²⁺. The residual activity ismeasured relative to the activity after 0 hours of incubation. For theprotease of the invention, the residual activity is at least 0.80(=80%).

Protease activity is measured using the substrate Suc-AAPF-pNA, in assaybuffer at pH7.0 and 25° C. For more details, please refer to the pNAassay described in Example 4, which also describes in detail thedetermination according to i) and ii).

It is presently contemplated that the purity of the protease tested mayinfluence these stability results, and therefore the protease, at leastwhen analyzed for stability according to i), preferably is at least 90%pure as measured by SDS-PAGE. A procedure for determining purity bySDS-PAGE is disclosed in Example 2. In particular embodiments, thepurity by SDS-PAGE is at least 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, or at least 95%. Inalternative embodiments, the absorption purity (see Example 3), inparticular for the purposes of test i), corresponds to anA_(28D)/A_(26O) ratio of at least 1.40, or at least 1.42, 1.44, 1.46,1.48, 1.50, 1.60, or at least 1.70.

Feature ii) is determined as the enzyme activity in the presence of 1 mMCu²⁺, relative to the activity of the same enzyme under the sameconditions, except for the presence of Cu²⁺. For the protease of theinvention, this relative activity is at least 0.66 (=66%). For thepurposes of feature ii), enzyme (protease) activity is measured asdescribed above.

In particular embodiments of the proteases of the invention, theresidual activity according to i) is at least 0.81, 0.82, 0.83, 0.84,0.85, 0.86, 0.87, 0.88, 0.89, 0.90, 0.91, 0.92, 0.93, 0.94, 0.95, 0.96,or at least 0.97.

In alternative embodiments, the residual activity according to i) is atleast 0.76, 0.77, 0.78, or 0.79. In other alternative embodiments, theresidual activity according to i) is determined after incubation for 116hours, in which case the residual activity for proteases of theinvention is at least 0.84, with the same preferred ranges as listedabove (from of at least 0.85 and upwards). In still further alternativeembodiments, the residual activity according to i) is determined afterincubation for 188.6 hours, in which case the residual activity forproteases of the invention is at least 0.73, with the same preferredranges as listed above (from of at least 0.76 and upwards, plus thefollowing: or at least 0.74, or at least 0.75).

In another set of particular embodiments of the proteases of theinvention, the relative activity according to ii) is at least 0.67,0.68, 0.69, 0.70, 0.71, 0.72, 0.73, 0.74, 0.75, 0.76, 0.77, 0.78, 0.79,0.80, 0.81, or at least 0.82.

In an alternative embodiment, the substrate Boc-VLGR-pNA is used insteadof Suc-AAPF-pNa for the activity measurements—according to i) and/orii).

Results of stability and inhibition studies according to features i) andii), respectively, are shown in Tables 2 and 1, respectively, of Example4. From these tables it is clear that the proteases designated Protease18 and Brachysporiella protease are the only proteases tested whichfulfil feature i), whereas feature ii) is fulfilled for all proteasestested, except for the known proteases designated Protease 10 andMetarhizium protease.

A closer look at Table 1 reveals that Protease 18 and Protease 08 form avery interesting sub-group with a distinctly higher relative activity inthe presence of copper (both with a relative activity above 0.80).However, the Brachysporiella protease is also very good (close to arelative activity of 0.70). This means that the two tests i) and ii)identify these three proteases as particularly interesting.

Before moving to consider potential structural elements that couldexplain the effects observed, here first some guidelines as to numberingof the amino acid residues in the various proteases tested, andinstructions how to deduce corresponding amino acid residues in thevarious backbones.

Amino Acid Residue Numbering

In the present context, for the purposes of identifying correspondingamino acid residues in various proteases, reference is had to thenumbering of the amino acid residues in the mature part (amino acids1-188) of SEQ ID NO: 2, Protease 10, starting with A1 and ending withT188. FIG. 1 shows, in alignment clusters of 10 residues, the numbers ofthe last amino acid residue of each of such cluster, viz. in the toprows of the alignment. For example, the number “10” means that the lastamino acid residue of Protease 10 in this first cluster of 10 residues,“T,” is amino acid residue number 10 in the mature Protease 10 aminoacid sequence. As another example, the number “145” means that the lastamino acid residue of Protease 10 in this last cluster of residues inthe third row of the alignment of FIG. 1, which is a “G,” is residuenumber 145 in the mature Protease 10 amino acid sequence. This numberingis identical to the numbering of SEQ ID NO: 2, however not necessarilyidentical to the numbering of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14, thereason being that for the purposes of identifying corresponding aminoacid residues in various proteases, a uniform numbering is used based onProtease 10. The procedure for assigning a uniform numbering is furtherdescribed below.

For each of the amino acid residues of Protease 10, a “corresponding”residue can be identified in each of the other six proteases shown inFIG. 1, because “corresponding” residues are simply those that areplaced one above the other, or on top of each other, in the alignment ofFIG. 1. For example, the tenth amino acid residue, T, of Protease 10(T10 of SEQ ID NO: 2) corresponds to Y10 of SEQ ID NOs: 4 and 12; to T10of SEQ ID NOs: 6, 8 and 10; and to V8 of SEQ ID NO: 14. In the presentcontext, however, for all purposes except for Sequence Listing purposes,these residues are all assigned the same number, because they qualify as“corresponding residues,” and the number assigned is that of thecorresponding residue in Protease 10, viz. residue number 10.Accordingly, T10 of Protease 10 corresponds to Y10, T10, T10, T10, Y10,and V10, of the Metarhizium protease, Protease 11, Protease 35, Protease08, Protease 18, and the Brachysporiella protease, respectively. Whennothing else is stated, this numbering is used hereinafter.

The multiple alignment of FIG. 1, in certain rows, at certain positions,includes gaps, which can be considered as deletions of amino acidresidues. In the present context, the gaps, or the deleted amino acidresidues, are numbered by assigning to each gap lower case letters inalphabetical order, viz. a, b, c, d, - - - t, u, v, x, y, z. Should morethan 25 of such designations be needed, the numbering would continuewith aa, bb, cc etc. For example, the gap between G12 and G13 ofProtease 10 corresponds to a deletion of two amino acid residues inpositions 12a, and 12b. Accordingly, the corresponding residues in theMetarhizium protease (SEQ ID NO: 4) shown in the second row of FIG. 1are designated R12a, and S12b. By analogy, the successive amino acidresidues FPGSA in the Metarhizium protease corresponding to FPGN inpositions 57-60 of Protease 10 are numbered as follows: F57, P58, G59,S59a, and A60; position 59a being equivalent to a deletion of an aminoacid in Protease 10.

Two of the proteases included in the alignment of FIG. 1 compriseC-terminal extensions as compared to Protease 10, viz. the Metarhiziumprotease and the Brachysporiella protease. The amino acids of suchextensions are numbered as is usual in the art continuing from no. 188,viz. 189, 190, 191 and so forth. For example, the last amino acid of theMetarhizium protease is referred to as A189.

Another protease having an amino acid sequence with a mature peptidepart of SEQ ID NO: X may be added to the alignment of FIG. 1 as follows:

The percentage of identity of SEQ ID NO: X to each of the sevenproteases of FIG. 1 (each of the mature peptide parts of SEQ ID NOs: 2,4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14) is determined using the “Align” program asdescribed below. Seven pairwise alignments are thereby produced. Thesequence with the highest degree of identity to SEQ ID NO: X is selectedas a model protease. If there are more candidate model proteases, youselect the one which is listed first in the FIG. 1 alignment. If, forexample, SEQ ID NO: X would have the following percentage of identitiesto SEQ ID NOs: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14: 45%, 55%, 50%, 65%, 65%, 45%,and 40%, respectively, then SEQ ID NO: 8 should be selected as the modelprotease. As a next step, using the pairwise alignment of SEQ ID NO: Xto SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: X is pasted (or it could simply be written)onto the alignment of FIG. 1 as the bottom row, ensuring thatcorresponding amino add residues (here “corresponding” refers to thepairwise alignment of SEQ ID NO: X and SEQ ID NO: 8) are placed aboveeach other.

While the FIG. 1 alignment remains unaffected by this procedure ofadding a new sequence to it, the described procedure may give rise togaps in SEQ ID NO: X; “loops” in SEQ ID NO: X, and/or N- or C-terminalextensions of SEQ ID NO: X, as compared to Protease 10 of FIG. 1.

As regards the numbering of such positions with a view to identifyingcorresponding amino acid residues in SEQ ID NO: X, the gaps and theC-terminal extensions are dealt with as described above. N-terminalextensions, if any, are numbered as is usual in the art, −1, −2, −3 andso forth (“−” meaning “minus”). For example, if SEQ ID NO: X when addedto the alignment of FIG. 1 would start with the sequence ALI positionedbefore the N-terminal amino acid A1 of Protease 10, these would benumbered A-3, L-2, and I-1, respectively. As regards the loops, if any,this corresponds to SEQ ID NO: X having “excess” amino acid residues,which the alignment of FIG. 1 does not make room for. Typographically,such excess residues are transferred onto a next row, but they are ofcourse considered to be included in the multiple alignment, and arenumbered by analogy to what is described above for the numbering of gaps(using the denotations a, b, c etc.). For example, the pairwisealignment of SEQ ID NO: X and SEQ ID NO: 8 could include the followingpart: (part of SEQ ID NO: 8) FAAT-----NAAGQP (part of SEQ ID NO: X)YAVSCRTAKNAACQP,

The amino acid residues FAATNAAGQP of Protease 08 (SEQ ID NO: 8) havealignment numbers 19 to 28 and these turn up to correspond, in thepairwise alignment, to the following amino acid residues of SEQ ID NO:X: YAVSCRTAKNAACQP. For the present purposes, the amino acid residues ofSEQ ID NO: X would have to be numbered as follows: Y19, A20, V21, S22,C22a, R22b, T22c, A22d, K22e, N23, A24, A25, C26, Q27, and P28.

In the alignment of FIG. 1 this may be written as follows: (part of SEQID NO: 8) FAATNAAGQP (part of SEQ ID NO: X) YAVSNAACQP,     CRTAK 22e

In particular alternative embodiments, the pairwise alignments referredto above are produced using the complete CDS parts (including inaddition to the mature peptide parts any signal peptide parts, and/orpropeptide parts) of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10,12 and 14.

The following are examples of the denotation used herein to characterizeproteases:

Expressions like the following:

“A protease comprising an amino acid sequence which, when alignedaccording to FIG. 1, comprises V166, wherein the numbering of the aminoacid residue corresponds to the numbering of Protease 10 (amino acids1-188 of SEQ ID NO: 2)”

mean that the amino acid sequence of the protease in question, whenadded to the multiple alignment of FIG. 1 as described above, inposition number 166 (which refers to the alignment number deduced asdescribed above) has a V.

Expressions like “at least one of (L114 or Y114); (S121 or D121); (Q130or M130); (N162 or T162 or S162); (S163 or R163); E174; and/or (S177 orE177),” are used about a protease that fulfills either of (at least oneof) the criteria separated by semicolons (;). This is the case, forexample, for a protease having Y114, or S121, or M130, or E174, but alsofor a protease having L114 and D121.

Expressions like:

“A protease comprising at least one of the following:(T120+R122+T127+Y129), (T120+N122+P127+F129), or (T120S122+T127+Q129);  a)and/or(T91+T176+I179+N180), (S91+N176+L179+E180), or(S91+N176+L179+S180),”  b)are used about a protease that fulfills all of the criteria separated byplusses (+) within at least one of the six brackets. This is the case,for example, for Protease 18 having T120, R122, T127, and Y129 (firstbracket in a)). This protease, by the way, also comprises T91, T176,I179 and N180 (first bracket in b)).

Expressions like “(H35+D61+S143),” are used about at protease comprisingH35, D61 and S143 (active site amino acid residues).

Structural Considerations Relating to Cu

The surprising findings of the present invention as regards the varyinginfluence of copper on the various enzymes tested has prompted someresearch with a view to defining, if possible, structural elements thatcould explain the observed differences. Two potential copper bindingsites (Site Nos. I and II as shown in the below Table) were identified,of which Site No. I is expected to be the most important site: Site No.I Site No. II Parts of Protease/Residue No. 120 122 127 129 91 176 179180 SEQ ID NO: Protease 18 T R T Y T T I N 12 Brachysporiella T N P F SN L E 14 Protease 08 T S T Q S N L S 10 Protease 35 S S T T H T V N 8Protease 11 S S T T H T V N 6 Protease 10 S S T T H T V N 2 MetarhiziumT N A S S N L Q 4

In the above Table, a double-line (=) is placed between those proteasesthat are relatively unaffected by copper, and those that are morenegatively affected by copper (those above, and below, respectively, thedouble-line).

From this Table it appears as if the following combinations of residuesof Site No. I are disadvantageous as regards the achievement of a highstability and/or a low inhibition by copper: a) (T120+N122+A127+S129),and b) (S120+S122+T127+T129).

By analogy, the following combinations of Site No. II residues may alsobe disadvantageous: a) (S91+N176+L179+Q180), and b)(H91+T176+V179+N180).

On the other hand, the following combinations of residues of Site Nos. Iand II appear to be favourable:(T120+R122+T127+Y129), (T120+N122+P127+F129), or (T120+S122+T127+Q129;  a)and/or(T91+T176+I179+N180), (S91+N176+L179+E180), or (S91+N176+L179+S180),  b)

Other residues that may contribute to a structural explanation of theobserved differences are the residues in position 51, 54, 86, 89, 99,125, 130, 131, 135, 165, and 166. Therefore, in particular embodimentsthe protease of the invention does not comprise any of the followingcombinations of residues: a) (V51+Q54+A86+A89+S99+E125+N130+M131+T135+R165+T166), and not b)(T51+G54+P86+S89+S99+Q125+S130+L131+S135+S165+R166). On the other hand,in additional particular embodiments, the protease of the inventioncomprises at least one of the following: T51; N54 or G54; Q86 or P86;T89 or F89; A99 or G99; Q125 or V125; S130 or G130; L131; N135 or S135;S165 or T165; V166 or S166. The expression “at least one” means one,two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, or all eleven ofthese residues, in combination. For the purposes of the presentinvention, this definition of “at least one” is generally applicable, byanalogy.

In alternative embodiments, the present invention explicitly relates toproteases as defined in this section without the functional features i)and ii) of claim 1 as filed, preferably proteases of peptidase familyS2A or S1E.

Polypeptides having Protease Activity

Polypeptides having protease activity, or proteases, are sometimes alsodesignated peptidases, proteinases, peptide hydrolases, or proteolyticenzymes. Proteases may be of the exo-type that hydrolyses peptidesstarting at either end thereof, or of the endo-type that act internallyin polypeptide chains (endopeptidases). Endopeptidases show activity onN- and C-terminally blocked peptide substrates that are relevant for thespecificity of the protease in question.

The term “protease” is defined herein as an enzyme that hydrolysespeptide bonds. It includes any enzyme belonging to the EC 3.4 enzymegroup (including each of the thirteen subclasses thereof). The EC numberrefers to Enzyme Nomenclature 1992 from NC-IUBMB, Academic Press, SanDiego, Calif., including supplements 1-5 published in Eur. J. Biochem.1994, 223, 1-5; Eur. J. Biochem. 1995, 232, 1-6; Eur. J. Biochem. 1996,237, 1-5; Eur. J. Biochem. 1997, 250, 1-6; and Eur. J. Biochem. 1999,264, 610-650; respectively. The nomenclature is regularly supplementedand updated; see e.g. the World Wide Web (WWW) athttp://www.chem.qmw.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/index.html).

Proteases are classified on the basis of their catalytic mechanism intothe following groups: Serine proteases (S), Cysteine proteases (C),Aspartic proteases (A), Metalloproteases (M), and Unknown, or as yetunclassified, proteases (U), see Handbook of Proteolytic Enzymes, A. J.Barrett, N. D. Rawlings, J. F. Woessner (eds), Academic Press (1998), inparticular the general introduction part.

The proteases of the invention are selected from the group consistingof:

(a) Serine proteases of peptidase family S2A according to the aboveHandbook; and

(b) Serine proteases of peptidase family S1 E as described in Biochem.J.290:205-218 (1993) and in MEROPS protease database, release 6.20, Mar.24, 2003, (www.merops.ac.uk). The database is described in Rawlings, N.D., O'Brien, E. A. & Barrett, A. J. (2002) MEROPS: the proteasedatabase. Nucleic Acids Res. 30, 343-346.

Peptidase family S2A represents the traditional way of classifyingproteases. Nowadays, proteases traditionally classified as S2A proteasesare often classified according to the MEROPS classification in peptidasefamily S1E.

In a particular embodiment, the protease is of peptidase family S2A. Inanother particular embodiment, the protease is of peptidase family S1E.

In alternative embodiments, the proteases of the invention are selectedfrom the group consisting of:

(c) proteases belonging to the EC 3.4.-.- enzyme group; and

(d) Serine proteases belonging to the S group of the above Handbook;

For determining whether a given protease is a Serine protease, a familyS2A protease, and/or a family S1E protease, reference is made to theabove references and the principles indicated therein. Suchdetermination can be carried out for all types of proteases, be itnaturally occurring or wild-type proteases; or genetically engineered orsynthetic proteases.

Protease activity can be measured using any assay, in which a substrateis employed, that includes peptide bonds relevant for the specificity ofthe protease in question. Assay-pH and assay-temperature are likewise tobe adapted to the protease in question. Examples of assay-pH-values arepH 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12. Examples of assay-temperaturesare 20, 25, 30, 35, 37, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70 or 80° C.

Examples of protease substrates are casein, such as Azurine-CrosslinkedCasein (AZCL-casein). For the purposes of this invention, the so-calledpNA Assay is a preferred assay, and a preferred substrate isSuc-AAPF-pNA.

There are no limitations on the origin of the protease of the invention.Thus, the term protease includes not only natural or wild-type proteasesobtained from microorganisms of any genus, but also any mutants,variants, fragments etc. thereof exhibiting protease activity, as wellas synthetic proteases, such as shuffled proteases, and consensusproteases. Such genetically engineered proteases can be prepared as isgenerally known in the art, e.g. by Site-directed Mutagenesis, by PCR(using a PCR fragment containing the desired mutation as one of theprimers in the PCR reactions), by shuffling, or by Random Mutagenesis.The preparation of consensus proteins is described in e.g. EP 897985.The term “obtained from” as used herein in connection with a givensource shall mean that the polypeptide encoded by the nucleic acidsequence is produced by the source or by a cell in which the nucleicacid sequence from the source is present. In a preferred embodiment, thepolypeptide is secreted extracellularly.

In a specific embodiment, the protease is a low-allergenic variant,designed to invoke a reduced immunological response when exposed toanimals, including man. The term immunological response is to beunderstood as any reaction by the immune system of an animal exposed tothe protease. One type of immunological response is an allergic responseleading to increased levels of IgE in the exposed animal. Low-allergenicvariants may be prepared using techniques known in the art. For examplethe protease may be conjugated with polymer moieties shielding portionsor epitopes of the protease involved in an immunological response.Conjugation with polymers may involve in vitro chemical coupling ofpolymer to the protease, e.g. as described in WO 96/17929, WO 98/30682,WO 98/35026, and/or WO 99/00489. Conjugation may in addition oralternatively thereto involve in vivo coupling of polymers to theprotease. Such conjugation may be achieved by genetic engineering of thenucleotide sequence encoding the protease, inserting consensus sequencesencoding additional glycosylation sites in the protease and expressingthe protease in a host capable of glycosylating the protease, see e.g.WO 00/26354. Another way of providing low-allergenic variants is geneticengineering of the nucleotide sequence encoding the protease so as tocause the protease to self-oligomerize, effecting that protease monomersmay shield the epitopes of other protease monomers and thereby loweringthe antigenicity of the oligomers. Such products and their preparationis described e.g. in WO 96/16177. Epitopes involved in an immunologicalresponse may be identified by various methods such as the phage displaymethod described in WO 00/26230 and WO 01/83559, or the random approachdescribed in EP 561907. Once an epitope has been identified, its aminoacid sequence may be altered to produce altered immunological propertiesof the protease by known gene manipulation techniques such as sitedirected mutagenesis (see e.g. WO 00/26230, WO 00/26354 and/or WO00/22103) and/or conjugation of a polymer may be done in sufficientproximity to the epitope for the polymer to shield the epitope.

In a particular embodiment, the polypeptide of the invention comprisesan amino acid sequence having protease activity and having a degree ofidentity of at least 40% to amino acids 1 to 186 of SEQ ID NO: 14,and/or to amino acids 1-188 of (SEQ ID NOs: 12, 10, 8, 6, 4 or 2)(hereinafter “homologous polypeptides”). In further particularembodiments, the degree of identity is at least about 42%, 44%, 46%,48%, 50%, 52%, 54%, 56%, 58%, 60%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 66%, 68%, 70%, 72%,75%, 77%, 80%, 82%, 85%, 87%, 90%, 92%, 95%, or at least about 97%. Inanother alternative embodiment, any of the above degrees of identity isrelative to any of the complete CDS parts of SEQ ID NOs: 14, 12, 10, 8,6, 4 or 2, e.g. amino acids −189 to 186 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In particularembodiments, the polypeptides of the invention i) have; or ii) consistof an amino acid sequence with any of the degrees of identity asmentioned above.

For the purposes of the present invention, the degree of identitybetween two amino acid sequences, as well as the degree of identitybetween two nucleotide sequences, is determined by the program “align”which is a Needleman-Wunsch alignment (i.e. a global alignment). Theprogram is used for alignment of polypeptide, as well as nucleotidesequences. The default scoring matrix BLOSUM50 is used for polypeptidealignments, and the default identity matrix is used for nucleotidealignments. The penalty for the first residue of a gap is −12 forpolypeptides and −16 for nucleotides. The penalties for further residuesof a gap are −2 for polypeptides, and −4 for nucleotide.

“Align” is part of the FASTA package version v20u6 (see W. R. Pearsonand D. J. Lipman (1988), “Improved Tools for Biological SequenceAnalysis”, PNAS 85:2444-2448, and W. R. Pearson (1990) “Rapid andSensitive Sequence Comparison with FASTP and FASTA,” Methods inEnzymology 183:63-98). FASTA protein alignments use the Smith-Watermanalgorithm with no limitation on gap size (see “Smith-Watermanalgorithm”, T. F. Smith and M. S. Waterman (1981) J. Mol. Biol.147:195-197).

In a particular embodiment, the mature peptide parts, or predicted orexpected mature peptide parts, of the two amino acid sequences are usedfor the alignment.

In the altemative, the degree of identity between two amino acidsequences may be determined by the Clustal method (Higgins, 1989, CABIOS5: 151-153) using the LASERGENE™ MEGALIGN™ software (DNASTAR, Inc.,Madison, Wis.) with an identity table and the following multiplealignment parameters: Gap penalty of 10, and gap length penalty of 10.Pairwise alignment parameters are Ktuple=1, gap penalty=3, windows=5,and diagonals=5. The degree of identity between two nucleotide sequencesmay be determined using the same algorithm and software package asdescribed above with the following settings: Gap penalty of 10, and gaplength penalty of 10. Pairwise alignment parameters are Ktuple=3, gappenalty=3 and windows=20.

In a particular embodiment, the homologous polypeptides have an aminoacid sequence that differs by ten, or by nine, or by eight, or by seven,or by six, or by five amino acids. In another particular embodiment, thehomologous polypeptides differ by four, or by three, or by two aminoacids, or by one amino acid from amino acids 1 to 186 of SEQ ID NO: 14,or from amino acids 1-188 of (SEQ ID NOs: 12, 10, 8, 6, 4 or 2). Inalternative embodiments, the homologous polypeptides have an amino acidsequence that differs by forty, thirty-five, thirty, twenty-five,twenty, or fifteen amino acids from amino acids 1 to 186 of SEQ ID NO:14, or from amino acids 1-188 of (SEQ ID NOs: 12, 10, 8, 6, 4 or 2).

In a particular embodiment, the polypeptides of the present inventioncomprise the amino acid sequence of amino acids 1 to 186 of SEQ ID NO:14, or amino acids 1-188 of (SEQ ID NOs: 12, 10, 8, 6, 4 or 2), orallelic variants thereof; or fragments thereof that have proteaseactivity.

In another preferred embodiment, the polypeptides of the presentinvention consist of amino acids 1 to 186 of SEQ ID NO: 14, or of aminoacids 1-188 of (SEQ ID NOs: 12, 10, 8 or 6), or allelic variantsthereof; or fragments thereof that have protease activity.

A fragment is a polypeptide having one or more amino acids deleted fromthe amino and/or carboxyl terminus of these amino acid sequences. In oneembodiment a fragment contains at least 75 amino acid residues, or atleast 100 amino acid residues, or at least 125 amino acid residues, orat least 150 amino acid residues, or at least 160 amino acid residues,or at least 165 amino acid residues, or at least 170 amino acidresidues, or at least 175 amino acid residues.

An allelic variant denotes any of two or more alternative forms of agene occupying the same chromosomal locus. Allelic variation arisesnaturally through mutation, and may result in polymorphism withinpopulations. Gene mutations can be silent (no change in the encodedpolypeptide) or may encode polypeptides having altered amino acidsequences. An allelic variant of a polypeptide is a polypeptide encodedby an allelic variant of a gene.

The present invention also relates to isolated polypeptides havingprotease activity and which are encoded by nucleic acid sequences whichhybridize under very low, or low, or medium, or medium-high, or high, orvery high stringency conditions with a nucleic acid probe whichhybridizes under the same conditions with (a) nucleotides 726-1283 ofSEQ ID NO: 13, nucleotides 499-1062 of SEQ ID NO: 11, nucleotides502-1065 of SEQ ID NO: 9, nucleotides 496-1059 of SEQ ID NO: 7,nucleotides 496-1059 of SEQ ID NO: 5, nucleotides 559-1122 of SEQ ID NO:3, and/or nucleotides 900-1466 of SEQ ID NO: 1; (b) a subsequence of(a), or (c) a complementary strand of (a), or (b) (J. Sambrook, E. F.Fritsch, and T. Maniatis, 1989, Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual,2nd edition, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.). In one particular embodiment thenucleic acid probe is selected from amongst the nucleic acid sequencesof (a), (b), or (c) above. Nucleotides 726-1283 of SEQ ID NO: 13,nucleotides 499-1062 of SEQ ID NO: 11, nucleotides 502-1065 of SEQ IDNO: 9, nucleotides 496-1059 of SEQ ID NO: 7, nucleotides 496-1059 of SEQID NO: 5, nucleotides 559-1122 of SEQ ID NO: 3, and/or nucleotides900-1466 of SEQ ID NO: 1, corresponding to the respective mature peptideparts, are preferred probes.

The subsequence may be at least 100 nucleotides, or in anotherembodiment at least 200 nucleotides. Moreover, the subsequence mayencode a polypeptide fragment that has protease activity.

The nucleic acid sequences listed under (a) or (b) above, as well as thecorresponding amino acid sequences or fragments thereof, may be used todesign a nucleic acid probe to identify and clone DNA encodingpolypeptides having protease activity from strains of different generaor species according to methods well known in the art. In particular,such probes can be used for hybridization with the genomic DNA or cDNAof the genus or species of interest, following standard Southernblotting procedures, in order to identify and isolate the correspondinggene therein. Such probes can be considerably shorter than the entiresequence, but should be at least 15, preferably at least 25, and morepreferably at least 35 nucleotides in length. Longer probes can also beused. Both DNA and RNA probes can be used. The probes are typicallylabelled for detecting the corresponding gene (for example, with ³²P,³H, ³⁵S, biotin, or avidin). Such probes are encompassed by the presentinvention.

Thus, a genomic DNA or cDNA library prepared from such other organismsmay be screened for DNA that hybridizes with the probes described aboveand which encodes a polypeptide having protease activity. Genomic orother DNA from such other organisms may be separated by agarose orpolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, or other separation techniques. DNAfrom the libraries or the separated DNA may be transferred to andimmobilized on nitrocellulose or other suitable carrier material. Inorder to identify a homologous clone or homologous DNA, the carriermaterial is used in a Southern blot. For purposes of the presentinvention, hybridization indicates that the nucleic acid sequencehybridizes to a labelled nucleic acid probe corresponding to theselected nucleic acid sequence, its complementary strand, or asubsequence thereof, under very low to very high stringency conditions.Molecules to which the nucleic acid probe hybridizes under theseconditions may be detected using X-ray film.

In a particular embodiment, the nucleic acid probe is nucleotides726-1283 of SEQ ID NO: 13, nucleotides 499-1062 of SEQ ID NO: 1 1,nucleotides 502-1065 of SEQ ID NO: 9, nucleotides 496-1059 of SEQ ID NO:7, nucleotides 496-1059 of SEQ ID NO: 5, nucleotides 559-1122 of SEQ IDNO: 3, and/or nucleotides 900-1466 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In anotherembodiment, the nucleic acid probe is a nucleic acid sequence whichencodes the amino acid sequences corresponding to any or the nucleotidesequences listed in the previous sentence.

In another preferred embodiment, the nucleic acid probe is the nucleicacid sequence, or preferably the mature polypeptide coding regionthereof, which is contained in the plasmid which is contained inEscherichia coli DSM 15509, wherein the nucleic acid sequence encodes apolypeptide having protease activity.

For long probes of at least 100 nucleotides in length, very low to veryhigh stringency conditions are defined as prehybridization andhybridization at 42° C. in 5×SSPE, 0.3% SDS, 200 μg/ml sheared anddenatured salmon sperm DNA, and either 25% formamide for very low andlow stringencies, 35% formamide for medium and medium-high stringencies,or 50% formamide for high and very high stringencies, following standardSouthern blotting procedures.

For long probes of at least 100 nucleotides in length, the carriermaterial is finally washed three times each for 15 minutes using 2×SSC,0.2% SDS preferably at least at 45° C. (very low stringency), morepreferably at least at 50° C. (low stringency), more preferably at leastat 55° C. (medium stringency), more preferably at least at 60° C.(medium-high stringency), even more preferably at least at 65° C. (highstringency), and most preferably at least at 70° C. (very highstringency).

For short probes about 15 nucleotides to about 70 nucleotides in length,stringency conditions are defined as prehybridization, hybridization,and washing post-hybridization at 5° C. to 10° C. below the calculatedT_(m) using the calculation according to Bolton and McCarthy (1962,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 48:1390) in 0.9 MNaCl, 0.09 M Tris-HCl pH 7.6, 6 mM EDTA, 0.5% NP-40, 1× Denhardt'ssolution, 1 mM sodium pyrophosphate, 1 mM sodium monobasic phosphate,0.1 mM ATP, and 0.2 mg of yeast RNA per ml following standard Southernblotting procedures.

For short probes about 15 nucleotides to about 70 nucleotides in length,the carrier material is washed once in 6×SSC plus 0.1% SDS for 15minutes and twice each for 15 minutes using 6×SSC at 5° C. to 10° C.below the calculated T_(m).

The present invention also relates to variants of the polypeptide havingamino acids 1 to 186 of SEQ ID NO: 14, and/or amino acids 1-188 of (SEQID NOs: 12, 10, 8, 6, 4 or 2) comprising a substitution, deletion,and/or insertion of one or more amino acids.

The amino acid sequences of the variant polypeptides may differ from theamino acid sequence of amino acids 1 to 186, −170 to 186, or −189 to 186of SEQ ID NO: 14, or from the corresponding parts of any one of SEQ IDNOs: 12, 10, 8, 6, 4 or 2, by an insertion or deletion of one or moreamino acid residues and/or the substitution of one or more amino acidresidues by different amino acid residues. Preferably, amino acidchanges are of a minor nature, that is conservative amino acidsubstitutions that do not significantly affect the folding and/oractivity of the protein; small deletions, typically of one to about 30amino acids; small amino- or carboxyl-terminal extensions, such as anamino-terminal methionine residue; a small linker peptide of up to about20-25 residues; or a small extension that facilitates purification bychanging net charge or another function, such as a poly-histidine tract,an antigenic epitope or a binding domain.

Examples of conservative substitutions are within the group of basicamino acids (arginine, lysine and histidine), acidic amino acids(glutamic acid and aspartic acid), polar amino acids (glutamine andasparagine), hydrophobic amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine),aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine), and smallamino acids (glycine, alanine, serine, threonine and methionine). Aminoacid substitutions which do not generally alter the specific activityare known in the art and are described, for example, by H. Neurath andR. L. Hill, 1979, In, The Proteins, Academic Press, New York. The mostcommonly occurring exchanges are Ala/Ser, Val/Ile, Asp/Glu, Thr/Ser,Ala/Gly, Ala/Thr, Ser/Asn, Ala/Val, Ser/Gly, Tyr/Phe, Ala/Pro, Lys/Arg,Asp/Asn, Leu/Ile, Leu/Val, Ala/Glu, and Asp/Gly as well as these inreverse.

In a particular embodiment, the polypeptides of the invention and foruse according to the invention are acid-stable. For the presentpurposes, the term acid-stable means that the residual activity after 2hours of incubation at pH 3.0 and 37° C., is at least 20%, as comparedto the residual activity of a corresponding sample incubated for 2 hoursat pH 9.0 and 5° C. In a particular embodiment, the residual activity isat least 22%, 24%, 25% or at least 26%. In the alternative, theacid-stability definition refers to a residual activity of at least 50%,or 60%, or 70% when measured at pH 3.5 and 37° C., as compared to theresidual activity of a corresponding sample incubated for 2 hours at pH9.0 and 5° C. A suitable assay for determining acid stability isdisclosed in Example 2C of WO 01/58276.

In another particular embodiment, the polypeptides of the invention andfor use according to the invention have a relative activity at pH 7.0 ofat least 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or at least 0.5. The pH-profile test of Example2B of WO 01/58276 is a suitable assay.

The polypeptide of the invention and for use according to the inventionmay be a bacterial or fungal polypeptide. The fungal polypeptide may bederived from a filamentous fungus or from a yeast.

In particular embodiments, the polypeptide of the invention is i) afungal protease; ii) a protease derived from the phylum Ascomycota; iii)the subphylum Pezizomycotina; iv) the class Sordariomycetes; v) theorder Sordariales; vi) the family Annulatascaceae; vii) the genusAscotaiwania and/or Brachysporiella (Brachysporiella being theanamorphic (asexual) state of this fungus, and Ascotaiwania being theteleomorphic or sexual state); and/or viii) a protease derived from astrain of Ascotaiwania and/or Brachysporiella, for example Ascotaiwaniamitriformis, Ascotaiwania sawada, Brachysporiella gayana, andBrachysporiella sp., for example Brachysporiella gayana CGMCC 0865, suchas a polypeptide with the amino acid sequence of amino acids 1 to 186,−170 to 186, or −189 to 186 of SEQ ID NO: 14.

It will be understood that for the aforementioned species, the inventionencompasses both the perfect and imperfect states, and other taxonomicequivalents, e.g., anamorphs, regardless of the species name by whichthey are known. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize theidentity of appropriate equivalents.

The above taxonomy is mainly according to Ranghoo, V. M., Goh, T. K. &Hyde, K. D. 1999. New observations on Monotosporella rhizoidea.Mycosciences 40: 377-382; and Sivichai, S., Hywel-Jones, N. & J. E. B.G. 1998, Liginicolous freshwater Ascomycota from Thailand: I.Ascotaiwania sawada and its anamorph state Monotosporella. Mycosciense39: 307-311.

In another particular embodiment, the polypeptide of the invention is i)a bacterial protease; ii) a protease derived from the phylumActinobacteria; iii) the class Actinobacteria; iv) the orderActinomycetales v) the family Nocardiopsaceae; vi) the genusNocardiopsis; and/or a protease derived from vii) Nocardiopsis speciessuch as Nocardiopsis alba, Nocardiopsis antarctica, Nocardiopsisprasina, Nocardiopsis composta, Nocardiopsis exhalans, Nocardiopsishalophila, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis kunsanensis,Nocardiopsis listeri, Nocardiopsis lucentensis, Nocardiopsis metallicus,Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis trehalosi, Nocardiopsistropica, Nocardiopsis umidischolae, Nocardiopsis xinjiangensis, orNocardiopsis dassonvillei, for example:

Nocardiopsis dassonvillei DSM 43235, such as Protease 18, a polypeptidewith the amino acid sequence of amino acids 1 to 188, or −166 to 188, ofSEQ ID NO: 12;

Nocardiopsis alba DSM 15647, such as a Protease 08, a polypeptide withthe amino acid sequence of amino acids 1 to 188, or −167 to 188, of SEQID NO: 10;

Nocardiopsis prasina DSM 15649, such as Protease 35, a polypeptide withthe amino acid sequence of amino acids 1 to 188, or −165 to 188, of SEQID NO: 8;

Nocardiopsis prasina DSM 15648, such as Protease 11, a polypeptide withthe amino acid sequence of amino acids 1 to 188, or −165 to 188, of SEQID NO: 6.

These four proteases, together with the protease from Brachysporiellagayana CGMCC 0865, the Brachysporiella protease, such as a polypeptidewith the amino acid sequence of amino acids 1 to 186, −170 to 186, or−189 to 186 of SEQ ID NO: 14, form a particular embodiment of theinvention. A subgroup consisting of Protease 18, Protease 08, and theBrachysporiella protease is another particular embodiment of theinvention, and a subgroup consisting of the Brachysporiella protease andProtease 18 is a still further particular embodiment of the invention.

The above taxonomy is according to the chapter: The road map to theManual by G. M. Garrity & J. G. Holt in Bergey's Manual of SystematicBacteriology, 2001, second edition, volume 1, David R. Bone, Richard W.Castenholz. Strains of these species are readily accessible to thepublic in a number of culture collections, such as the American TypeCulture Collection (ATCC), Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen undZelikulturen GmbH (DSM), Centraalbureau Voor Schimmelcultures (CBS), andAgricultural Research Service Patent Culture Collection, NorthernRegional Research Center (NRRL).

Furthermore, such polypeptides may be identified and obtained from othersources including microorganisms isolated from nature (e.g., soil,composts, water, etc.) using the above-mentioned probes. Techniques forisolating microorganisms from natural habitats are well known in theart. The nucleic acid sequence may then be derived by similarlyscreening a genomic DNA or cDNA library of another microorganism. Once anucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide has been detected with theprobe(s), the sequence may be isolated or cloned by utilizing techniqueswhich are known to those of ordinary skill in the art (see, e.g.,Sambrook et al., 1989, supra).

A screening for proteases which are not affected, or relativelyun-affected, by copper may be conducted by incorporating desired levelsof Cu²⁺ and/or Cu⁺ in appropriate screening media and selecting the mostpotent protease producers. The expression “potent” of course refers toprotease activity, which may be estimated using any suitable proteasescreening procedure, e.g. based on the size of clearing zones in solidmedia containing skim-milk. Examples of desired levels of copper are upto 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000,3500, 4000, 4500, 5000, 5500, 6000, 6500, 7000, 7500, 8000, 8500, 9000,9500, or up to 10000 ppm Cu. The content of Cu should be at least 0.2,0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or at least 10 ppm. Theexpression ppm means parts per million (w/w), e.g. mg/kg, and can beconverted to molar concentrations of Cu using its atomic weight (approx.63.5), as is known in the art, e.g.1 mM Cu corresponds to 63.5 ppm Cu.

In a particular embodiment, the protease of the invention is isolatedand/or purified. As defined herein, an “isolated” polypeptide is apolypeptide which is essentially free of other polypeptides, e.g., atleast about 20% pure, preferably at least about 40% pure, morepreferably about 60% pure, even more preferably about 80% pure, mostpreferably about 90% pure, and even most preferably about 95% pure, asdetermined by SDS-PAGE.

Polypeptides encoded by nucleic acid sequences of the present inventionalso include fused polypeptides or cleavable fusion polypeptides inwhich another polypeptide is fused at the N-terminus or the C-terminusof the polypeptide or fragment thereof. A fused polypeptide is producedby fusing a nucleic acid sequence (or a portion thereof) encodinganother polypeptide to a nucleic acid sequence (or a portion thereof) ofthe present invention. Techniques for producing fusion polypeptides areknown in the art, and include ligating the coding sequences encoding thepolypeptides so that they are in frame and that expression of the fusedpolypeptide is under control of the same promoter(s) and terminator.

In particular embodiments, the polypeptide of the invention does notencompass (i.e., excludes): a) amino acids −186 to 188, −167 to 188, or1-188 of SEQ ID NO: 4; b) amino acids 1-188 of SEQ ID NO: 2; c) theprotease from Nocardiopsis dassonvillei NRRL 18133 which is described inWO 88/03947, preferably having a Molecular Weight (MW) by SDS-PAGE of20,500 Dalton, and isoelectric points, pl, of 9.15 and 8.2; d) theprotease from Nocardiopsis sp. which is described in JP 2255081 A,preferably having a MW by SDS electrophoresis of 21,000 Da and anoptimum pH of 10-12; and/or e) the protease derived from the strainZIMET 43647 of the species Nocardiopsis dassonvillei described by GDRpatent no. DD 2,004,328.

Nucleic Acid Sequences

The present invention also relates to isolated nucleic acid sequencesthat encode a polypeptide of the present invention. Particular nucleicacid sequences of the invention are nucleotides 726-1283 of SEQ ID NO:13, nucleotides 499-1062 of SEQ ID NO: 11, nucleotides 502-1065 of SEQID NO: 9, nucleotides 496-1059 of SEQ ID NO: 7, nucleotides 496-1059 ofSEQ ID NO: 5. Another particular nucleic acid sequence of the inventionis the sequence, preferably the mature polypeptide encoding regionthereof, which is contained in the plasmid that is contained in thedeposited microorganism Escherichia coli DSM 15509. The presentinvention also encompasses nucleic acid sequences which encode apolypeptide having the amino acid sequence of amino acids 1 to 186 ofSEQ ID NO: 14, and/or amino acids 1-188 of (SEQ ID NOs: 12, 10, 8, 6, 4or 2), which differ from the corresponding nucleotide sequences byvirtue of the degeneracy of the genetic code. The present invention alsorelates to subsequences of the above nucleotide sequences which encodefragments of the above amino acid sequences that have protease activity.

In a subsequence one or more nucleotides from the 5′ and/or 3′ end havebeen deleted. Preferably, a subsequence contains at least 150, 190 or atleast 225 nucleotides, more preferably at least 300 nucleotides, evenmore preferably at least 375, 450, 500, 531, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000,or 1100 nucleotides.

The present invention also relates to nucleotide sequences encodingproteases that are more stable in the presence of copper and/or lessinhibited by copper, which have a degree of identity of at least 40% tonucleotides 726-1283 of SEQ ID NO: 13, nucleotides 499-1062 of SEQ IDNO: 11, nucleotides 502-1065 of SEQ ID NO: 9, nucleotides 496-1059 ofSEQ ID NO: 7, nucleotides 496-1059 of SEQ ID NO: 5, nucleotides 559-1122of SEQ ID NO: 3, and/or to nucleotides 900-1466 of SEQ ID NO: 1. Inparticular embodiments, the degree of identity is at least 42%, 45%,47%, 50%, 52%, 55%, 57%, 60%, 62%, 64%, 65%, 67%, 70%, 72%, 75%, 77%,80%, 82%, 85%, 87%, 90%, 92%, 95%, or at least 97%.

The present invention also relates to mutant nucleic acid sequencescomprising at least one mutation in any of the above nucleotidesequences, in which the mutant nucleic acid sequence e ncodes apolypeptide which (i) consists of a ny of the corresponding a mino a cidsequences, or (ii) is a variant of any of the sequences of (i), whereinthe variant comprises a substitution, deletion, and/or insertion of oneor more amino acids, or (iii) is an allelic variant of any of thesequences of (i), or (iv) is a fragment of any of the sequences of (i).

The techniques used to isolate or clone a nucleic acid sequence encodinga polypeptide are known in the art and include isolation from genomicDNA, preparation from cDNA, or a combination thereof. The cloning of thenucleic acid sequences of the present invention from such genomic DNAcan be effected, e.g., by using the well known polymerase chain reaction(PCR) or antibody screening of expression libraries to detect cloned DNAfragments with shared structural features. See, e.g., Innis et al.,1990, PCR: A Guide to Methods and Application, Academic Press, New York.Other nucleic acid amplification procedures such as ligase chainreaction (LCR), ligated activated transcription (LAT) and nucleic acidsequence-based amplification (NASBA) may be used. The nucleic acidsequence may be cloned from a strain of Brachysporiella (Ascotaiwania),or a strain of Nocardiopsis, or from other or related organisms andthus, for example, may be an allelic or species variant of thepolypeptide encoding regions of the nucleic acid sequences.

The term “isolated nucleic acid sequence” as used herein refers to anucleic acid sequence which is essentially free of other nucleic acidsequences, e.g., at least about 20% pure, preferably at least about 40%pure, more preferably at least about 60% pure, even more preferably atleast about 80% pure, and most preferably at least about 90% pure asdetermined by agarose electrophoresis. For example, an isolated nucleicacid sequence can be obtained by standard cloning procedures used ingenetic engineering to relocate the nucleic acid sequence from itsnatural location to a different site where it will be reproduced. Thecloning procedures may involve excision and isolation of a desirednucleic acid fragment comprising the nucleic acid sequence encoding thepolypeptide, insertion of the fragment into a vector molecule, andincorporation of the recombinant vector into a host cell where multiplecopies or clones of the nucleic acid sequence will be replicated. Thenucleic acid sequence may be of genomic, cDNA, RNA, semisynthetic,synthetic origin, or any combinations thereof.

Modification of a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide of thepresent invention may be necessary for the synthesis of polypeptidessubstantially similar to the polypeptide. The term “substantiallysimilar” to the polypeptide refers to non-naturally occurring forms ofthe polypeptide. These polypeptides may differ in some engineered wayfrom the polypeptide isolated from its native source, e.g., variantsthat differ in specific activity, thermostability, pH optimum,allergenicity, or the like. The variant sequence may be constructed onthe basis of the nucleic acid sequence presented as the polypeptideencoding part of SEQ ID NO: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 or 13, e.g., a subsequencethereof, and/or by introduction of nucleotide substitutions which do notgive rise to another amino acid sequence of the polypeptide encoded bythe nucleic acid sequence, but which correspond to the codon usage ofthe host organism intended for production of the protease, or byintroduction of nucleotide substitutions which may give rise to adifferent amino acid sequence. For a general description of nucleotidesubstitution, see, e.g., Ford et al., 1991, Protein Expression andPurification 2: 95-107. Low-allergenic polypeptides can e.g. be preparedas described above.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that such substitutionscan be made outside the regions critical to the function of the moleculeand still result in an active polypeptide. Amino acid residues essentialto the activity of the polypeptide encoded by the isolated nucleic acidsequence of the invention, and therefore preferably not subject tosubstitution, may be identified according to procedures known in theart, such as site-directed mutagenesis or alanine-scanning mutagenesis(see, e.g., Cunningham and Wells, 1989, Science 244: 1081-1085). In thelatter technique, mutations are introduced at every positively chargedresidue in the molecule, and the resultant mutant molecules are testedfor protease activity to identify amino acid residues that are criticalto the activity of the molecule. Sites of substrate-protease interactioncan also be determined by analysis of the three-dimensional structure asdetermined by such techniques as nuclear magnetic resonance analysis,crystallography or photoaffinity labelling (see, e.g., de Vos et al.,1992, Science 255: 306-312; Smith et al., 1992, Journal of MolecularBiology 224: 899-904; Wlodaver et al., 1992, FEBS Letters 309: 59-64).

The present invention also relates to isolated nucleic acid sequencesencoding a polypeptide of the present invention, which hybridize undervery low stringency conditions, preferably low stringency conditions,more preferably medium stringency conditions, more preferablymedium-high stringency conditions, even more preferably high stringencyconditions, and most preferably very high stringency conditions with anucleic acid probe which hybridizes under the same conditions withnucleotides 726-1283 of SEQ ID NO: 13, nucleotides 499-1062 of SEQ IDNO: 11, nucleotides 502-1065 of SEQ ID NO: 9, nucleotides 496-1059 ofSEQ ID NO: 7, nucleotides 496-1059 of SEQ ID NO: 5, nucleotides 559-1122of SEQ ID NO: 3, and/or nucleotides 900-1466 of SEQ ID NO: 1; or theircomplementary strands; or allelic variants and subsequences thereof(Sambrook et al., 1989, supra), as defined herein.

The present invention also relates to isolated nucleic acid sequencesproduced by (a) hybridizing a DNA under very low, low, medium,medium-high, high, or very high stringency conditions with (i)nucleotides 726-1283 of SEQ ID NO: 13, nucleotides 499-1062 of SEQ IDNO: 11, nucleotides 502-1065 of SEQ ID NO: 9, nucleotides 496-1059 ofSEQ ID NO: 7, nucleotides 496-1059 of SEQ ID NO: 5, nucleotides 559-1122of SEQ ID NO: 3, and/or nucleotides 900-1466 of SEQ ID NO: 1; (ii) asubsequence of (i), or (iii) a complementary strand of (i), or (ii); and(b) isolating the nucleic acid sequence. The subsequence is preferably asequence of at least 100 nucleotides such as a sequence that encodes apolypeptide fragment which has protease activity.

In particular embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence of the inventiondoes not encompass (i.e., excludes): a) nucleotides 1-1122 and/or559-1122 of SEQ ID NO: 3; and/or b) nucleotides 1-1596 and/or 900-1466of SEQ ID NO: 1.

Methods for Producing Mutant Nucleic Acid Sequences

The present invention further relates to methods for producing a mutantnucleic acid sequence, comprising introducing at least one mutation intothe mature polypeptide coding sequence of nucleotides 726-1283 of SEQ IDNO: 13, nucleotides 499-1062 of SEQ ID NO: 11, nucleotides 502-1065 ofSEQ ID NO: 9, nucleotides 496-1059 of SEQ ID NO: 7, nucleotides 496-1059of SEQ ID NO: 5, nucleotides 559-1122 of SEQ ID NO: 3, and/ornucleotides 900-1466 of SEQ ID NO: 1, or a subsequence thereof, whereinthe mutant nucleic acid sequence encodes a polypeptide which consists ofthe corresponding amino acids sequences; or fragments thereof which haveprotease activity.

The introduction of a mutation into the nucleic acid sequence toexchange one nucleotide for another nucleotide may be accomplished bysite-directed mutagenesis using any of the methods known in the art.Particularly useful is the procedure that utilizes a supercoiled, doublestranded DNA vector with an insert of interest and two synthetic primerscontaining the desired mutation. The oligonucleotide primers, eachcomplementary to opposite strands of the vector, extend duringtemperature cycling by means of Pfu DNA polymerase. On incorporation ofthe primers, a mutated plasmid containing staggered nicks is generated.Following temperature cycling, the product is treated with Dpnl which isspecific for methylated and hemimethylated DNA to digest the parentalDNA template and to select for mutation-containing synthesized DNA.Other procedures known in the art may also be used.

Nucleic Acid Constructs

The present invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs comprisinga nucleic acid sequence of the present invention operably linked to oneor more control sequences that direct the expression of the codingsequence in a suitable host cell under conditions compatible with thecontrol sequences. Expression will be understood to include any stepinvolved in the production of the polypeptide including, but not limitedto, transcription, post-transcriptional modification, translation,post-translational modification, and secretion. “Nucleic acid construct”is defined herein as a nucleic acid molecule, either single- ordouble-stranded, which is isolated from a naturally occurring gene orwhich has been modified to contain segments of nucleic acid combined andjuxtaposed in a manner that would not otherwise exist in nature. Theterm nucleic acid construct is synonymous with the term expressioncassette when the nucleic acid construct contains all the controlsequences required for expression of a coding sequence of the presentinvention. The term “coding sequence” is defined herein as a nucleicacid sequence that directly specifies the amino acid sequence of itsprotein product. The boundaries of the coding sequence are generallydetermined by a ribosome binding site (prokaryotes) or by the ATG startcodon (eukaryotes) located just upstream of the open reading frame atthe 5′ end of the mRNA and a transcription terminator sequence locatedjust downstream of the open reading frame at the 3′ end of the mRNA. Acoding sequence can include, but is not limited to, DNA, cDNA, andrecombinant nucleic acid sequences.

An isolated nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide of the presentinvention may be manipulated in a variety of ways to provide forexpression of the polypeptide. Manipulation of the nucleic acid sequenceprior to its insertion into a vector may be desirable or necessarydepending on the expression vector. The techniques for modifying nucleicacid sequences utilizing recombinant DNA methods are well known in theart.

The term “control sequences” is defined herein to include all componentsthat are necessary or advantageous for the expression of a polypeptideof the present invention. Each control sequence may be native or foreignto the nucleic acid sequence encoding the polypeptide. Such controlsequences include, but are not limited to, a leader, polyadenylationsequence, propeptide sequence, promoter, signal peptide sequence, andtranscription terminator. At a minimum, the control sequences include apromoter, and transcriptional and translational stop signals. Thecontrol sequences may be provided with linkers for the purpose ofintroducing specific restriction sites facilitating ligation of thecontrol sequences with the coding region of the nucleic acid sequenceencoding a polypeptide. The term “operably linked” is defined herein asa configuration in which a control sequence is appropriately placed at aposition relative to the coding sequence of the DNA sequence such thatthe control sequence directs the expression of a polypeptide.

The control sequence may be an appropriate promoter sequence, a nucleicacid sequence that is recognized by a host cell for expression of thenucleic acid sequence. The promoter sequence contains transcriptionalcontrol sequences that mediate the expression of the polypeptide. Thepromoter may be any nucleic acid sequence which shows transcriptionalactivity in the host cell of choice including mutant, truncated, andhybrid promoters, and may be obtained from genes encoding extracellularor intracellular polypeptides either homologous or heterologous to thehost cell.

Examples of suitable promoters for directing the transcription of thenucleic acid constructs of the present invention in a filamentous fungalhost cell are promoters obtained from the genes for Aspergillus oryzaeTAKA amylase, Rhizomucor miehei aspartic proteinase, Aspergillus nigerneutral alpha-amylase, Aspergillus niger acid stable alpha-amylase,Aspergillus niger or Aspergillus awamori glucoamylase (glaA), Rhizomucormiehei lipase, Aspergillus oryzae alkaline protease, Aspergillus oryzaetriose phosphate isomerase, Aspergillus nidulans acetamidase, andFusarium oxysporum trypsin-like protease (WO 96/00787), as well as theNA2-tpi promoter (a hybrid of the promoters from the genes forAspergillus niger neutral alpha-amylase and Aspergillus oryzae triosephosphate isomerase), and mutant, truncated, and hybrid promotersthereof.

In a yeast host, useful promoters are obtained from the genes forSaccharomyces cerevisiae enolase (ENO-1), Saccharomyces cerevisiaegalactokinase (GAL1), Saccharomyces cerevisiae alcoholdehydrogenase/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (ADH2/GAP), andSaccharomyces cerevisiae 3-phosphoglycerate kinase. Other usefulpromoters for yeast host cells are described by Romanos et al., 1992,Yeast 8: 423-488.

Examples of suitable promoters for directing the transcription of thenucleic acid constructs of the present invention, especially in abacterial host cell, are the promoters obtained from the E. coli lacoperon, Streptomyces coelicolor agarase gene (dagA), Bacillus subtilislevansucrase gene (sacB), Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase gene(amyL), Bacillus stearothermophilus maltogenic amylase gene (amyM),Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase gene (amyQ), Bacilluslicheniformis penicillinase gene (penP), Bacillus subtilis xylA and xylBgenes, and prokaryotic beta-lactamase gene (Villa-Kamaroff et al., 1978,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 75: 3727-3731), aswell as the tac promoter (DeBoer et al., 1983, Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences USA 80: 21-25). Further promoters aredescribed in “Useful proteins from recombinant bacteria” in ScientificAmerican, 1980, 242: 74-94; and in Sambrook et al., 1989, supra.

The control sequence may also be a suitable transcription terminatorsequence, a sequence recognized by a host cell to terminatetranscription. The terminator sequence is operably linked to the 3′terminus of the nucleic acid sequence encoding the polypeptide. Anyterminator which is functional in the host cell of choice may be used inthe present invention.

Preferred terminators for filamentous fungal host cells are obtainedfrom the genes for Aspergillus oryzae TAKA amylase, Aspergillus nigerglucoamylase, Aspergillus nidulans anthranilate synthase, Aspergillusniger alpha-glucosidase, and Fusarium oxysporum trypsin-like protease.

Preferred terminators for yeast host cells are obtained from the genesfor Saccharomyces cerevisiae enolase, Saccharomyces cerevisiaecytochrome C (CYC1), and Saccharomyces cerevisiaeglyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Other useful terminators foryeast host cells are described by Romanos et al., 1992, supra.

Preferred terminators for bacterial host cells, such as a Bacillus hostcell, are the terminators from Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase gene(amyL), the Bacillus stearothermophilus maltogenic amylase gene (amyM),or the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase gene (amyQ).

The control sequence may also be a suitable leader sequence, anontranslated region of an mRNA which is important for translation bythe host cell. The leader sequence is operably linked to the 5′ terminusof the nucleic acid sequence encoding the polypeptide. Any leadersequence that is functional in the host cell of choice may be used inthe present invention.

Preferred leaders for filamentous fungal host cells are obtained fromthe genes for Aspergillus oryzae TAKA amylase and Aspergillus nidulanstriose phosphate isomerase.

Suitable leaders for yeast host cells are obtained from the genes forSaccharomyces cerevisiae enolase (ENO-1), Saccharomyces cerevisiae3-phosphoglycerate kinase, Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-factor, andSaccharomyces cerevisiae alcoholdehydrogenase/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (ADH2/GAP).

The control sequence may also be a polyadenylation sequence, a sequenceoperably linked to the 3′ terminus of the nucleic acid sequence andwhich, when transcribed, is recognized by the host cell as a signal toadd polyadenosine residues to transcribed mRNA. Any polyadenylationsequence which is functional in the host cell of choice may be used inthe present invention.

Preferred polyadenylation sequences for filamentous fungal host cellsare obtained from the genes for Aspergillus oryzae TAKA amylase,Aspergillus niger glucoamylase, Aspergillus nidulans anthranilatesynthase, Fusarium oxysporum trypsin-like protease, and Aspergillusniger alpha-glucosidase.

Useful polyadenylation sequences for yeast host cells are described byGuo and Sherman, 1995, Molecular Cellular Biology 15: 5983-5990.

The control sequence may also be a signal peptide coding region thatcodes for an amino acid sequence linked to the amino terminus of apolypeptide and directs the encoded polypeptide into the cell'ssecretory pathway. The 5′ end of the coding sequence of the nucleic acidsequence may inherently contain a signal peptide coding region naturallylinked in translation reading frame with the segment of the codingregion which encodes the secreted polypeptide. Alternatively, the 5′ endof the coding sequence may contain a signal peptide coding region whichis foreign to the coding sequence. The foreign signal peptide codingregion may be required where the coding sequence does not naturallycontain a signal peptide coding region. Alternatively, the foreignsignal peptide coding region may simply replace the natural signalpeptide coding region in order to enhance secretion of the polypeptide.However, any signal peptide coding region which directs the expressedpolypeptide into the secretory pathway of a host cell of choice may beused in the present invention.

Effective signal peptide coding regions for bacterial host cells are thesignal peptide coding regions obtained from the genes for Bacillus NCIB11837 maltogenic amylase, Bacillus stearothermophilus alpha-amylase,Bacillus licheniformis subtilisin, Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase,Bacillus stearothermophilus neutral proteases (nprT, nprS, nprM), andBacillus subtilis prsA. Further signal peptides are described by Simonenand Palva, 1993, Microbiological Reviews 57: 109-137.

Effective signal peptide coding regions for filamentous fungal hostcells are the signal peptide coding regions obtained from the genes forAspergillus oryzae TAKA amylase, Aspergillus niger neutral amylase,Aspergillus niger glucoamylase, Rhizomucor miehei aspartic proteinase,Humicola insolens cellulase, and Humicola lanuginosa lipase.

Useful signal peptides for yeast host cells are obtained from the genesfor Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-factor and Saccharomyces cerevisiaeinvertase. Other useful signal peptide coding regions are described byRomanos et al., 1992, supra.

In a preferred embodiment, the signal peptide coding region is selectedfrom the signal peptide coding regions of SEQ ID NO: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11and 13.

The control sequence may also be a propeptide coding region that codesfor an amino acid sequence positioned at the amino terminus of apolypeptide. The resultant polypeptide is known as a proenzyme orpropolypeptide (or a zymogen in some cases). A propolypeptide isgenerally inactive and can be converted to a mature active polypeptideby catalytic or autocatalytic cleavage of the propeptide from thepropolypeptide. The propeptide coding region may be obtained, e.g., fromthe genes for Bacillus subtilis alkaline protease (aprE), Bacillussubtilis neutral protease (nprT), Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-factor,Rhizomucor miehei aspartic proteinase, and Myceliophthora thermophilalaccase (WO 95133836).

In a preferred embodiment, the propeptide coding region is selected fromthe propeptide coding regions of SEQ ID NO: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13.

Where both signal peptide and propeptide regions are present at theamino terminus of a polypeptide, the propeptide region is positionednext to the amino terminus of a polypeptide and the signal peptideregion is positioned next to the amino terminus of the propeptideregion.

Expression Vectors

The present invention also relates to recombinant expression vectorscomprising a nucleic acid sequence of the present invention, a promoter,and transcriptional and translational stop signals. The various nucleicacid and control sequences described above may be joined together toproduce a recombinant expression vector which may include one or moreconvenient restriction sites to allow for insertion or substitution ofthe nucleic acid sequence encoding the polypeptide at such sites.Alternatively, the nucleic acid sequence of the present invention may beexpressed by inserting the nucleic acid sequence or a nucleic acidconstruct comprising the sequence into an appropriate vector forexpression. In creating the expression vector, the coding sequence islocated in the vector so that the coding sequence is operably linkedwith the appropriate control sequences for expression.

The recombinant expression vector may be any vector (e.g., a plasmid orvirus) which can be conveniently subjected to recombinant DNA proceduresand can bring about the expression of the nucleic acid sequence. Thechoice of the vector will typically depend on the compatibility of thevector with the host cell into which the vector is to be introduced. Thevectors may be linear or closed circular plasmids.

The vector may be an autonomously replicating vector, i.e., a vectorwhich exists as an extrachromosomal entity, the replication of which isindependent of chromosomal replication, e.g., a plasmid, anextrachromosomal element, a minichromosome, or an artificial chromosome.The vector may contain any means for assuring self-replication.Alternatively, the vector may be one which, when introduced into thehost cell, is integrated into the genome and replicated together withthe chromosome(s) into which it has been integrated. Furthermore, asingle vector or plasmid or two or more vectors or plasmids whichtogether contain the total DNA to be introduced into the genome of thehost cell, or a transposon may be used.

The vectors of the present invention preferably contain one or moreselectable markers which permit easy selection of transformed cells. Aselectable marker is a gene the product of which provides for biocide orviral resistance, resistance to heavy metals, prototrophy to auxotrophs,and the like. Examples of bacterial selectable markers are the dal genesfrom Bacillus subtilis or Bacillus licheniformis. Suitable markers foryeast host cells are ADE2, HIS3, LEU2, LYS2, MET3, TRP1, and URA3.Selectable markers for use in a filamentous fungal host cell include,but are not limited to, amdS (acetamidase), argB (ornithinecarbamoyltransferase), bar (phosphinothricin acetyltransferase), hygB(hygromycin phosphotransferase), niaD (nitrate reductase), pyrG(orotidine-5′-phosphate decarboxylase), sC (sulfate adenyltransferase),trpC (anthranilate synthase), as well as equivalents thereof. Preferredfor use in an Aspergillus cell are the amdS and pyrG genes ofAspergillus nidulans or Aspergillus oryzae and the bar gene ofStreptomyces hygroscopicus.

The vectors of the present invention preferably contain an element(s)that permits stable integration of the vector into the host cell'sgenome or autonomous replication of the vector in the cell independentlyof the genome.

For integration into the host cell genome, the vector may rely on thenucleic acid sequence encoding the polypeptide or any other element ofthe vector for stable integration of the vector into the genome byhomologous or nonhomologous recombination. Alternatively, the vector maycontain additional nucleic acid sequences for directing integration byhomologous recombination into the genome of the host cell. Theadditional nucleic acid sequences enable the vector to be integratedinto the host cell genome at a precise location(s) in the chromosome(s).To increase the likelihood of integration at a precise location, theintegrational elements should preferably contain a sufficient number ofnucleic acids, such as 100 to 1,500 base pairs, preferably 400 to 1,500base pairs, and most preferably 800 to 1,500 base pairs, which arehighly homologous with the corresponding target sequence to enhance theprobability of homologous recombination. The integrational elements maybe any sequence that is homologous with the target sequence in thegenome of the host cell. Furthermore, the integrational elements may benon-encoding or encoding nucleic acid sequences. On the other hand, thevector may be integrated into the genome of the host cell bynon-homologous recombination.

For autonomous replication, the vector may further comprise an origin ofreplication enabling the vector to replicate autonomously in the hostcell in question. Examples of bacterial origins of replication are theorigins of replication of plasmids pBR322, pUC19, pACYC177, and pACYC184permitting replication in E. coli, and pUB110, pE194, pTA1060, and pAMβ1permitting replication in Bacillus. Examples of origins of replicationfor use in a yeast host cell are the 2 micron origin of replication,ARS1, ARS4, the combination of ARS1 and CEN3, and the combination ofARS4 and CEN6. The origin of replication may be one having a mutationwhich makes its functioning temperature-sensitive in the host cell (see,e.g., Ehrlich, 1978, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA75: 1433).

More than one copy of a nucleic acid sequence of the present inventionmay be inserted into the host cell to increase production of the geneproduct. An increase in the copy number of the nucleic acid sequence canbe obtained by integrating at least one additional copy of the sequenceinto the host cell genome or by including an amplifiable selectablemarker gene with the nucleic acid sequence where cells containingamplified copies of the selectable marker gene, and thereby additionalcopies of the nucleic acid sequence, can be selected for by cultivatingthe cells in the presence of the appropriate selectable agent.

The procedures used to ligate the elements described above to constructthe recombinant expression vectors of the present invention are wellknown to one skilled in the art (see, e.g., Sambrook et al., 1989,supra).

The protease may also be co-expressed together with at least one otherenzyme of interest for animal feed, such as phytase (EC 3.1.3.8 or3.1.3.26); xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8); galactanase (EC 3.2.1.89);alpha-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22); protease (EC 3.4.-.-), phospholipaseA1 (EC 3.1.1.32); phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4); lysophospholipase (EC3.1.1.5); phospholipase C (3.1.4.3); phospholipase D (EC 3.1.4.4);and/or beta-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4 or EC 3.2.1.6).

The enzymes may be co-expressed from different vectors, from one vector,or using a mixture of both techniques. When using different vectors, thevectors may have different selectable markers, and different origins ofreplication. When using only one vector, the genes can be expressed fromone or more promoters. If cloned under the regulation of one promoter(di- or multi-cistronic), the order in which the genes are cloned mayaffect the expression levels of the proteins. The protease may also beexpressed as a fusion protein, i.e. that the gene encoding the proteasehas been fused in frame to the gene encoding another protein. Thisprotein may be another enzyme or a functional domain from anotherenzyme.

Host Cells

The present invention also relates to recombinant host cells, comprisinga nucleic acid sequence of the invention, which are advantageously usedin the recombinant production of the polypeptides. A vector comprising anucleic acid sequence of the present invention is introduced into a hostcell so that the vector is maintained as a chromosomal integrant or as aself-replicating extra-chromosomal vector as described earlier. The term“host cell” encompasses any progeny of a parent cell that is notidentical to the parent cell due to mutations that occur duringreplication. The choice of a host cell will to a large extent dependupon the gene encoding the polypeptide and its source.

The host cell may be a unicellular microorganism, e.g., a prokaryote, ora non-unicellular microorganism, e.g., a eukaryote.

Useful unicellular cells are bacterial cells such as gram positivebacteria including, but not limited to, a Bacillus cell, or aStreptomyces cell, or cells of lactic acid bacteria; or gram negativebacteria such as E. coli and Pseudomonas sp. Lactic acid bacteriainclude, but are not limited to, species of the genera Lactococcus,Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Streptococcus, Pediococcus, andEnterococcus.

The introduction of a vector into a bacterial host cell may, forinstance, be effected by protoplast transformation (see, e.g., Chang andCohen, 1979, Molecular General Genetics 168: 111-115), using competentcells (see, e.g., Young and Spizizin, 1961, Journal of Bacteriology81:823-829, or Dubnau and Davidoff-Abelson, 1971, Journal of MolecularBiology 56: 209-221), electroporation (see, e.g., Shigekawa and Dower,1988, Biotechniques 6: 742-751), or conjugation (see, e.g., Koehler andThorne, 1987, Journal of Bacteriology 169: 5771-5278).

The host cell may be a eukaryote, such as a non-human animal cell, aninsect cell, a plant cell, or a fungal cell.

In one particular embodiment, the host cell is a fungal cell. “Fungi” asused herein includes the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota,Chytridiomycota, and Zygomycota (as defined by Hawksworth et al., In,Ainsworth and Bisby's Dictionary of The Fungi, 8th edition, 1995, CABInternational, University Press, Cambridge, UK) as well as the Oomycota(as cited in Hawksworth et al., 1995, supra, page 171) and allmitosporic fungi (Hawksworth et al., 1995, supra).

In another particular embodiment, the fungal host cell is a yeast cell.“Yeast” as used herein includes ascosporogenous yeast (Endomycetales),basidiosporogenous yeast, and yeast belonging to the Fungi Imperfecti(Blastomycetes). Since the classification of yeast may change in thefuture, for the purposes of this invention, yeast shall be defined asdescribed in Biology and Activities of Yeast (Skinner, F. A., Passmore,S. M., and Davenport, R. R., eds, Soc. App. Bacteriol. Symposium SeriesNo. 9,1980).

The yeast host cell may be a Candida, Hansenula, Kluyveromyces, Pichia,Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, or Yarrowia cell.

The fungal host cell may be a filamentous fungal cell. “Filamentousfungi” include all filamentous forms of the subdivision Eumycota andOomycota (as defined by Hawksworth et al., 1995, supra). The filamentousfungi are characterized by a mycelial wall composed of chitin,cellulose, glucan, chitosan, mannan, and other complex polysaccharides.Vegetative growth is by hyphal elongation and carbon catabolism isobligately aerobic. In contrast, vegetative growth by yeasts such asSaccharomyces cerevisiae is by budding of a unicellular thallus andcarbon catabolism may be fermentative.

Examples of filamentous fungal host cells are cells of species of, butnot limited to, Acremonium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Humicola, Mucor,Myceliophthora, Neurospora, Penicillium, Thielavia, Tolypocladium, orTrichoderma.

Fungal cells may be transformed by a process involving protoplastformation, transformation of the protoplasts, and regeneration of thecell wall in a manner known per se. Suitable procedures fortransformation of Aspergillus host cells are described in EP 238 023 andYelton et al., 1984, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA81: 1470-1474. Suitable methods for transforming Fusarium species aredescribed by Malardier et al., 1989, Gene 78: 147-156 and WO 96/00787.Yeast may be transformed using the procedures described by Becker andGuarente, In Abelson, J. N. and Simon, M. I., editors, Guide to YeastGenetics and Molecular Biology, Methods in Enzymology, Volume 194, pp182-187, Academic Press, Inc., New York; Ito et al., 1983, Journal ofBacteriology 153: 163; and Hinnen et al., 1978, Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences USA 75: 1920.

Methods of Production

The present invention also relates to methods for producing apolypeptide of the present invention comprising (a) cultivating astrain, which in its wild-type form is capable of producing thepolypeptide; and (b) recovering the polypeptide. Preferably, the strainis of the genus Brachysporiella, such as Brachysporiella gayana, or ofthe genus Nocardiopsis, such as Nocardiopsis dassonvillei orNocardiopsis alba. Most preferred wild-type strains are: Nocardiopsisdassonvillei D SM 43235, Nocardiopsis alba D SM 1 5647, Nocardiopsisprasina DSM 15649, Nocardiopsis prasina DSM 15648, and Brachysporiellagayana CGMCC 0865

The present invention also relates to methods for producing apolypeptide of the present invention comprising (a) cultivating a hostcell under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide; and(b) recovering the polypeptide.

The present invention also relates to methods for producing apolypeptide of the present invention comprising (a) cultivating a hostcell under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide,wherein the host cell comprises a mutant nucleic acid sequencecomprising at least one mutation in nucleotides 726-1283 of SEQ ID NO:13, nucleotides 499-1062 of SEQ ID NO: 11, nucleotides 502-1065 of SEQID NO: 9, nucleotides 496-1059 of SEQ ID NO: 7, nucleotides 496-1059 ofSEQ ID NO: 5, nucleotides 559-1122 of SEQ ID NO: 3, and/or nucleotides900-1466 of SEQ ID NO: 1, in which the mutant nucleic acid sequenceencodes the corresponding polypeptides which (i) consists of amino acids1 to 186 of SEQ ID NO: 14, or amino acids 1-188 of any one of (SEQ IDNOs: 12, 10, 8, 6, 4 or 2), or (ii) is a variant of any of the sequencesof (i), wherein the variant comprises a substitution, deletion, and/orinsertion of one or more amino acids, or (iii) is an allelic variant ofany of the sequences of (i), or (iv) is a fragment of any of thesequences of (i).

In the production methods of the present invention, the cells arecultivated in a nutrient medium suitable for production of thepolypeptide using methods known in the art. For example, the cell may becultivated by shake flask cultivation, small-scale or large-scalefermentation (including continuous, batch, fed-batch, or solid statefermentations) in laboratory or industrial fermentors performed in asuitable medium and under conditions allowing the polypeptide to beexpressed and/or isolated. The cultivation takes place in a suitablenutrient medium comprising carbon and nitrogen sources and inorganicsalts, using procedures known in the art. Suitable media are availablefrom commercial suppliers or may be prepared according to publishedcompositions (e.g., in catalogues of the American Type CultureCollection). If the polypeptide is secreted into the nutrient medium,the polypeptide can be recovered directly from the medium. If thepolypeptide is not secreted, it can be recovered from cell lysates.

The polypeptides may be detected using methods known in the art that arespecific for the polypeptides. These detection methods may include useof specific antibodies, formation of a product, or disappearance of asubstrate. For example, a protease assay may be used to determine theactivity of the polypeptide as described herein.

The resulting polypeptide may be recovered by methods known in the art.For example, the polypeptide may be recovered from the nutrient mediumby conventional procedures including, but not limited to,centrifugation, filtration, extraction, spray-drying, evaporation, orprecipitation.

The polypeptides of the present invention may be purified by a varietyof procedures known in the art including, but not limited to,chromatography (e.g., ion exchange, affinity, hydrophobic,chromatofocusing, and size exclusion), electrophoretic procedures (e.g.,preparative isoelectric focusing), differential solubility (e.g.,ammonium sulfate precipitation), SDS-PAGE, or extraction (see, e.g.,Protein Purification, J.-C. Janson and Lars Ryden, editors, VCHPublishers, New York, 1989).

Plants

The present invention also relates to a transgenic plant, plant part, orplant cell which has been transformed with a nucleic acid sequenceencoding a polypeptide having protease activity of the present inventionso as to express and produce the polypeptide in recoverable quantities.The polypeptide may be recovered from the plant or plant part.Alternatively, the plant or plant part containing the recombinantpolypeptide may be used as such for improving the quality of a food orfeed, e.g., improving nutritional value, palatability, and rheologicalproperties, or to destroy an antinutritive factor.

In a particular embodiment, the polypeptide is targeted to the endospermstorage vacuoles in seeds. This can be obtained by synthesizing it as aprecursor with a suitable signal peptide, see Horvath et al in PNAS,Feb. 15, 2000, vol. 97, no. 4, p. 1914-1919.

The transgenic plant can be dicotyledonous (a dicot) or monocotyledonous(a monocot) or engineered variants thereof. Examples of monocot plantsare grasses, such as meadow grass (blue grass, Poa), forage grass suchas Festuca, Lolium, temperate grass, such as Agrostis, and cereals,e.g., wheat, oats, rye, barley, rice, sorghum, and maize (corn).Examples of dicot plants are tobacco, legumes, such as lupins, potato,sugar beet, pea, bean and soybean, and cruciferous plants (familyBrassicaceae), such as cauliflower, rape seed, and the closely relatedmodel organism Arabidopsis thaliana. Low-phytate plants as describede.g. in U.S. Pat. No. 5,689,054 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,111,168 are examplesof engineered plants.

Examples of plant parts are stem, callus, leaves, root, fruits, seeds,and tubers, as well as the individual tissues comprising these parts,e.g. epidermis, mesophyll, parenchyma, vascular tissues, meristems. Alsospecific plant cell compartments, such as chloroplast, apoplast,mitochondria, vacuole, peroxisomes, and cytoplasm are considered to be aplant part. Furthermore, any plant cell, whatever the tissue origin, isconsidered to be a plant part. Likewise, plant parts such as specifictissues and cells isolated to facilitate the utilisation of theinvention are also considered plant parts, e.g. embryos, endosperms,aleurone and seed coats.

Also included within the scope of the present invention are the progenyof such plants, plant parts and plant cells.

The transgenic plant or plant cell expressing a polypeptide of thepresent invention may be constructed in accordance with methods known inthe art. Briefly, the plant or plant cell is constructed byincorporating one or more expression constructs encoding a polypeptideof the present invention into the plant host genome and propagating theresulting modified plant or plant cell into a transgenic plant or plantcell.

Conveniently, the expression construct is a nucleic acid construct whichcomprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide of the presentinvention operably linked with appropriate regulatory sequences requiredfor expression of the nucleic acid sequence in the plant or plant partof choice. Furthermore, the expression construct may comprise aselectable marker useful for identifying host cells into which theexpression construct has been integrated and DNA sequences necessary forintroduction of the construct into the plant in question (the latterdepends on the DNA introduction method to be used).

The choice of regulatory sequences, such as promoter and terminatorsequences and optionally signal or transit sequences are determined, forexample, on the basis of when, where, and how the polypeptide is desiredto be expressed. For instance, the expression of the gene encoding apolypeptide of the present invention may be constitutive or inducible,or may be developmental, stage or tissue specific, and the gene productmay be targeted to a specific tissue or plant part such as seeds orleaves. Regulatory sequences are, for example, described by Tague etal., 1988, Plant Physiology 86: 506.

For constitutive expression, the following may be used: The 35S-CaMVpromoter may be used (Franck et al., 1980, Cell 21: 285-294), the maizeubiquitin 1 (Christensen A H, Sharrock R A and Quail 1992. Maizepolyubiquitin genes: structure, thermal perturbation of expression andtranscript splicing, and promoter activity following transfer toprotoplasts by electroporation), or the rice actin 1 promoter (Plant Mo.Biol. 18, 675-689.; Zhang W, McElroy D. and Wu R 1991, Analysis of riceAct1 5′ region activity in transgenic rice plants. Plant Cell 3,1155-1165). Organ-specific promoters may be, for example, a promoterfrom storage sink tissues such as seeds, potato tubers, and fruits(Edwards & Coruzzi, 1990, Ann. Rev. Genet. 24: 275-303), or frommetabolic sink tissues such as meristems (Ito et al., 1994, Plant Mol.Biol. 24: 863-878), a seed specific promoter such as the glutelin,prolamin, globulin, or albumin promoter from rice (Wu et al., 1998,Plant and Cell Physiology 39: 885-889), a Vicia faba promoter from thelegumin B4 and the unknown seed protein gene from Vicia faba (Conrad etal., 1998, Journal of Plant Physiology 152: 708-711), a promoter from aseed oil body protein (Chen et al., 1998, Plant and Cell Physiology 39:935-941), the storage protein napA promoter from Brassica napus, or anyother seed specific promoter known in the art, e.g., as described in WO91/14772. Furthermore, the promoter may be a leaf specific promoter suchas the rbcs promoter from rice or tomato (Kyozuka et al., 1993, PlantPhysiology 102: 991-1000, the chlorella virus adenine methyltransferasegene promoter (Mitra and Higgins, 1994, Plant Molecular Biology 26:85-93), or the aldP gene promoter from rice (Kagaya et al., 1995,Molecular and General Genetics 248: 668-674), or a wound induciblepromoter such as the potato pin2 promoter (Xu et al., 1993, PlantMolecular Biology 22: 573-588). Likewise, the promoter may be inducibleby abiotic treatments such as temperature, drought or alterations insalinity or inducible by exogenously applied substances that activatethe promoter, e.g. ethanol, oestrogens, plant hormones like ethylene,abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, and/or heavy metals.

A promoter enhancer element may also be used to achieve higherexpression of the protease in the plant. For instance, the promoterenhancer element may be an intron which is placed between the promoterand the nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide of the presentinvention. For instance, Xu et al., 1993, supra disclose the use of thefirst intron of the rice actin 1 gene to enhance expression.

Still further, the codon usage may be optimized for the plant species inquestion to improve expression (see Horvath et al referred to above).

The selectable marker gene and any other parts of the expressionconstruct may be chosen from those available in the art.

The nucleic acid construct is incorporated into the plant genomeaccording to conventional techniques known in the art, includingAgrobacterium-mediated transformation, virus-mediated transformation,microinjection, particle bombardment, biolistic transformation, andelectroporation (Gasser et al., 1990, Science 244: 1293; Potrykus, 1990,Bio/Technology 8: 535; Shimamoto et al., 1989, Nature 338: 274).

Presently, Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer is themethod of choice for generating transgenic dicots (for a review, seeHooykas and Schilperoort, 1992, Plant Molecular Biology 19: 15-38), andit can also be used for transforming monocots, although othertransformation methods are generally preferred for these plants.Presently, the method of choice for generating transgenic monocots,supplementing the Agrobacterium approach, is particle bombardment(microscopic gold or tungsten particles coated with the transformingDNA) of embryonic calli or developing embryos (Christou, 1992, PlantJournal 2: 275-281; Shimamoto, 1994, Current Opinion Biotechnology 5:158-162; Vasil et al., 1992, Bio/Technology 10: 667-674). An alternativemethod for transformation of monocots is based on protoplasttransformation as described by Omirulleh et al., 1993, Plant MolecularBiology 21: 415-428.

Following transformation, the transformants having incorporated thereinthe expression construct are selected and regenerated into whole plantsaccording to methods well-known in the art.

The present invention also relates to methods for producing apolypeptide of the present invention comprising (a) cultivating atransgenic plant or a plant cell comprising a nucleic acid sequenceencoding a polypeptide having protease activity of the present inventionunder conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide; and (b)recovering the polypeptide.

Animals

The present invention also relates to a transgenic, non-human animal andproducts or elements thereof, examples of which are body fluids such asmilk and blood, organs, flesh, and animal cells. Techniques forexpressing proteins, e.g. in mammalian cells, are known in the art, seee.g. the handbook Protein Expression: A Practical Approach, Higgins andHames (eds), Oxford University Press (1999), and the three otherhandbooks in this series relating to Gene Transcription, RNA processing,and Post-translational Processing. Generally speaking, to prepare atransgenic animal, selected cells of a selected animal are transformedwith a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide having proteaseactivity of the present invention so as to express and produce thepolypeptide. The polypeptide may be recovered from the animal, e.g. fromthe milk of female animals, or the polypeptide may be expressed to thebenefit of the animal itself, e.g. to assist the animal's digestion.Examples of animals are mentioned below in the section headed AnimalFeed.

To produce a transgenic animal with a view to recovering the proteasefrom the milk of the animal, a gene encoding the protease may beinserted into the fertilized eggs of an animal in question, e.g. by useof a transgene expression vector which comprises a suitable milk proteinpromoter, and the gene encoding the protease. The transgene expressionvector is microinjected into fertilized eggs, and preferably permanentlyintegrated into the chromosome. Once the egg begins to grow and divide,the potential embryo is implanted into a surrogate mother, and animalscarrying the transgene are identified. The resulting animal can then bemultiplied by conventional breeding. The polypeptide may be purifiedfrom the animal's milk, see e.g. Meade, H. M. et al (1999): Expressionof recombinant proteins in the milk of transgenic animals, Geneexpression systems: Using nature for the art of expression. J. M.Fernandez and J. P. Hoeffler (eds.), Academic Press.

In the alternative, in order to produce a transgenic non-human animalthat carries in the genome of its somatic and/or germ cells a nucleicacid sequence including a heterologous transgene construct including atransgene encoding the protease, the transgene may be operably linked toa first regulatory sequence for salivary gland specific expression ofthe protease, as disclosed in WO 2000064247.

Compositions

In a still further aspect, the present invention relates to compositionscomprising a polypeptide of the present invention.

The polypeptide compositions may be prepared in accordance with methodsknown in the art and may be in the form of a liquid or a drycomposition. For instance, the polypeptide composition may be in theform of a granulate or a microgranulate. The polypeptide to be includedin the composition may be stabilized in accordance with methods known inthe art.

Examples are given below of preferred uses of the polypeptides orpolypeptide compositions of the invention.

Animal Feed

The present invention is also directed to methods for using the proteaseof the invention in animal feed, as well as to feed compositions andfeed additives comprising these polypeptides.

The term animal includes all animals, including human beings. Examplesof animals are non-ruminants, and ruminants, such as sheep, goats,horses, and cattle, e.g. beef cattle, cows, and young calves. In aparticular embodiment, the animal is a non-ruminant animal. Non-ruminantanimals include mono-gastric animals, e.g. pigs or swine (including, butnot limited to, piglets, growing pigs, and sows); poultry such asturkeys, ducks and chicken (including but not limited to broiler chicks,layers); young calves; and fish (including but not limited to salmon,trout, tilapia, catfish and carps); and crustaceans (including but notlimited to shrimps and prawns).

The term feed or feed composition means any compound, preparation,mixture, or composition suitable for, or intended for intake by ananimal.

In the use according to the invention the protease can be fed to theanimal before, after, or simultaneously with the diet. The latter ispreferred.

In a particular embodiment, the protease, in the form in which it isadded to the feed, or when being included in a feed additive, iswell-defined. Well-defined means that the protease preparation is atleast 50% pure as determined by Size-exclusion chromatography (seeExample 12 of WO 01/58275). In other particular embodiments the proteasepreparation is at least 60, 70, 80, 85, 88, 90, 92, 94, or at least 95%pure as determined by this method.

A well-defined protease preparation is advantageous. For instance, it ismuch easier to dose correctly to the feed a protease that is essentiallyfree from interfering or contaminating other proteases. The term dosecorrectly refers in particular to the objective of obtaining consistentand constant results, and the capability of optimising dosage based uponthe desired effect.

For the use in animal feed, however, the protease need not be that pure;it may e.g. include other enzymes, in which case it could be termed aprotease preparation.

The protease preparation can be (a) added directly to the feed (or useddirectly in a treatment process of vegetable proteins), or (b) it can beused in the production of one or more intermediate compositions such asfeed additives or premixes that is subsequently added to the feed (orused in a treatment process). The degree of purity described aboverefers to the purity of the original protease preparation, whether usedaccording to (a) or (b) above.

Protease preparations with purities of this order of magnitude are inparticular obtainable using recombinant methods of production, whereasthey are not so easily obtained and also subject to a much higherbatch-to-batch variation when the protease is produced by traditionalfermentation methods.

Such protease preparation may of course be mixed with other enzymes.

In a particular embodiment, the protease for use according to theinvention is capable of solubilising vegetable proteins. A suitableassay for determining solubilised protein is disclosed in Example 4 ofWO 01/58276.

The term vegetable proteins as used herein refers to any compound,composition, preparation or mixture that includes at least one proteinderived from or originating from a vegetable, including modifiedproteins and protein-derivatives. In particular embodiments, the proteincontent of the vegetable proteins is at least 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 60%(w/w).

Vegetable proteins may be derived from vegetable protein sources, suchas legumes and cereals, for example materials from plants of thefamilies Fabaceae (Leguminosae), Cruciferaceae, Chenopodiaceae, andPoaceae, such as soy bean meal, lupin meal and rapeseed meal.

In a particular embodiment, the vegetable protein source is materialfrom one or more plants of the family Fabaceae, e.g. soybean, lupine,pea, or bean.

In another particular embodiment, the vegetable protein source ismaterial from one or more plants of the family Chenopodiaceae, e.g.beet, sugar beet, spinach or quinoa.

Other examples of vegetable protein sources are rapeseed, and cabbage.

Soybean is a preferred vegetable protein source.

Other examples of vegetable protein sources are cereals such as barley,wheat, rye, oat, maize (corn), rice, and sorghum.

The treatment according to the invention of vegetable proteins with atleast one protease of the invention results in an increasedsolubilisation of vegetable proteins.

The term solubilisation of proteins basically means bringing protein(s)into solution. Such solubilisation may be due to protease-mediatedrelease of protein from other components of the usually complex naturalcompositions such as feed. Solubilisation can be measured as an increasein the amount of soluble proteins, by reference to a blank sample withno protease treatment.

In a particular embodiment of a (pre-) treatment process of theinvention, the protease(s) in question is affecting (or acting on, orexerting its solubilising influence on) the vegetable proteins orprotein sources. To achieve this, the vegetable protein or proteinsource is typically suspended in a solvent, e.g. an aqueous solvent suchas water, and the pH and temperature values are adjusted paying dueregard to the characteristics of the enzyme in question. For example,the treatment may take place at a pH-value at which the activity of theactual protease is at least Likewise, for example, the treatment maytake place at a temperature at which the activity of the actual proteaseis at least 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or at least 90%. The abovepercentage activity indications are relative to the maximum activities.The enzymatic reaction is continued until the desired result isachieved, following which it may or may not be stopped by inactivatingthe enzyme, e.g. by a heat-treatment step.

In another particular embodiment of a treatment process of theinvention, the protease action is sustained, meaning e.g. that theprotease is added to the vegetable proteins or protein sources, but itssolubilising influence is so to speak not switched on until later whendesired, once suitable solubilising conditions are established, or onceany enzyme inhibitors are inactivated, or whatever other means couldhave been applied to postpone the action of the enzyme.

In one embodiment the treatment is a pre-treatment of animal feed orvegetable proteins for use in animal feed.

The term improving the nutritional value of an animal feed meansimproving the availability of the proteins, thereby leading to increasedprotein extraction, higher protein yields, and/or improved proteinutilisation. The nutritional value of the feed is therefore increased,and the growth rate and/or weight gain and/or feed conversion (i.e. theweight of ingested feed relative to weight gain) of the animal is/areimproved.

The protease can be added to the feed in any form, be it as a relativelypure protease, or in admixture with other components intended foraddition to animal feed, i.e. in the form of animal feed additives, suchas the so-called pre-mixes for animal feed.

In a further aspect the present invention relates to compositions foruse in animal feed, such as animal feed, and animal feed additives, e.g.premixes.

Apart from the protease of the invention, the animal feed additives ofthe invention contain at least one fat-soluble vitamin, and/or at leastone water soluble vitamin, and/or at least one trace mineral. The feedadditive may also contain at least one macro mineral Further, optional,feed-additive ingredients are colouring agents, aroma compounds,stabilisers, antimicrobial peptides, including antifungal polypeptides,and/or at least one other enzyme selected from amongst phytase (EC3.1.3.8 or 3.1.3.26); xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8); galactanase (EC 3.2.1.89);alpha-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22); protease (EC 3.4.-.-), phospholipaseA1 (EC 3.1.1.32); phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4); lysophospholipase (EC3.1.1.5); phospholipase C (3.1.4.3); phospholipase D (EC 3.1.4.4);and/or beta-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4 or EC 3.2.1.6).

In a particular embodiment these other enzymes are well-defined (asdefined above for protease preparations).

Examples of antimicrobial peptides (AMP's) are CAP18, Leucocin A,Tritrpticin, Protegrin-1, Thanatin, Defensin, Lactoferrin,Lactoferricin, and Ovispirin such as Novispirin (Robert Lehrer, 2000),Plectasins, and Statins, including the compounds and polypeptidesdisclosed in WO 03/044049 and WO 03/048148, as well as variants orfragments of the above that retain antimicrobial activity.

Examples of antifungal polypeptides (AFP's) are the Aspergillusgiganteus, and Aspergillus niger peptides, as well as variants andfragments thereof which retain antifungal activity, as disclosed in WO94/01459 and WO 02/090384. Examples of polyunsaturated fatty acids areC18, C20 and C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid,docosohexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and gamma-linoleic acid.Examples of reactive oxygen generating species are chemicals such asperborate, persulphate, or percarbonate; and enzymes such as an oxidase,an oxygenase or a syntethase.

Usally fat- and water-soluble vitamins, as well as trace minerals formpart of a so-called premix intended for addition to the feed, whereasmacro minerals are usually separately added to the feed. A premixenriched with a protease of the invention, is an example of an animalfeed additive of the invention.

In a particular embodiment, the animal feed additive of the invention isintended for being included (or prescribed as having to be included) inanimal diets or feed at levels of 0.01 to 10.0%; more particularly 0.05to 5.0%; or 0.2 to 1.0% (% meaning g additive per 100 g feed). This isso in particular for premixes.

The following are non-exclusive lists of examples of these components:

Examples of fat-soluble vitamins are vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E,and vitamin K, e.g. vitamin K3.

Examples of water-soluble vitamins are vitamin B12, biotin and choline,vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, niacin, folic acid andpanthothenate, e.g. Ca-D-panthothenate.

Examples of trace minerals are manganese, zinc, iron, copper, iodine,selenium, and cobalt.

Examples of macro minerals are calcium, phosphorus and sodium.

The nutritional requirements of these components (exemplified withpoultry and piglets/pigs) are listed in Table A of WO 01/58275.Nutritional requirement means that these components should be providedin the diet in the concentrations indicated.

In the alternative, the animal feed additive of the invention comprisesat least one of the individual components specified in Table A of WO01/58275. In the present context, at least one means either of, one ormore of, one, or two, or three, or four and so forth up to all thirteen,or up to all fifteen individual components. More specifically, this atleast one individual component is included in the additive of theinvention in such an amount as to provide an in-feed-concentrationwithin the range indicated in column four, or column five, or column sixof Table A.

The above definition of “at least one”, by the way, is generally validall over the present patent application—of course on a by analogy basis,meaning that the upper limit of this definition, in the above examplefifteen, of course should reflect the maximum number of choices given ineach particular case.

The present invention also relates to animal feed compositions. Animalfeed compositions or diets have a relatively high content of protein.Poultry and pig diets can be characterised as indicated in Table B of WO01/58275, columns 2-3. Fish diets can be characterised as indicated incolumn 4 of this Table B. Furthermore such fish diets usually have acrude fat content of 200-3.10 g/kg.

An animal feed composition according to the invention has a crudeprotein content of 50-800 g/kg, and furthermore comprises at least oneprotease as claimed herein.

Furthermore, or in the alternative (to the crude protein contentindicated above), the animal feed composition of the invention has acontent of metabolisable energy of 10-30 MJ/kg; and/or a content ofcalcium of 0.1-200 g/kg; and/or a content of available phosphorus of0.1-200 g/kg; and/or a content of methionine of 0.1-100 g/kg; and/or acontent of methionine plus cysteine of 0.1-150 g/kg; and/or a content oflysine of 0.5-50 g/kg.

In particular embodiments, the content of metabolisable energy, crudeprotein, calcium, phosphorus, methionine, methionine plus cysteine,and/or lysine is within any one of ranges 2, 3, 4 or 5 in Table B of WO01/58275 (R. 2-5).

Crude protein is calculated as nitrogen (N) multiplied by a factor 6.25,i.e. Crude protein (g/kg)=N (g/kg)×6.25. The nitrogen content isdetermined by the Kjeldahl method (A.O.A.C., 1984, Official Methods ofAnalysis 14th ed., Association of Official Analytical Chemists,Washington D.C.).

Metabolisable energy can be calculated on the basis of the NRCpublication Nutrient requirements in swine, ninth revised edition 1988,subcommittee on swine nutrition, committee on animal nutrition, board ofagriculture, national research council. National Academy Press,Washington, D.C., pp. 2-6, and the European Table of Energy Values forPoultry Feed-stuffs, Spelderholt centre for poultry research andextension, 7361 D A Beekbergen, The Netherlands. Grafisch bedrijf Ponsen& looijen bv, Wageningen. ISBN 90-71463-12-5.

The dietary content of calcium, available phosphorus and amino acids incomplete animal diets is calculated on the basis of feed tables such asVeevoedertabel 1997, gegevens over chemische samenstelling,verteerbaarheid en voederwaarde van voedermiddelen, CentralVeevoederbureau, Runderweg 6, 8219 pk Lelystad. ISBN 90-72839-13-7.

In a particular embodiment, the animal feed composition of the inventioncontains at least one vegetable protein or protein source as definedabove.

In still further particular embodiments, the animal feed composition ofthe invention contains 0-80% maize; and/or 0-80% sorghum; and/or 0-70%wheat; and/or 0-70% Barley; and/or 0-30% oats; and/or 0-40% soybeanmeal; and/or 0-10% fish meal; and/or 0-20% whey.

Animal diets can e.g. be manufactured as mash feed (non pelleted) orpelleted feed. Typically, the milled feed-stuffs are mixed andsufficient amounts of essential vitamins and minerals are addedaccording to the specifications for the species in question. Enzymes canbe added as solid or liquid enzyme formulations. For example, a solidenzyme formulation is typically added before or during the mixing step;and a liquid enzyme preparation is typically added after the pelletingstep. The enzyme may also be incorporated in a feed additive or premix.

The final enzyme concentration in the diet is within the range of0.01-200 mg enzyme protein per kg diet, for example in the range of0.5-25, or 5-30, mg enzyme protein per kg animal diet.

The protease should of course be applied in an effective amount, i.e. inan amount adequate for improving solubilisation and/or improvingnutritional value of feed. It is at present contemplated that the enzymeis administered in one or more of the following amounts (dosage ranges):0.01-200; 0.01-100; 0.05-100; 0.5-100; 1-100; 5-100; 10-100; 0.05-50;1-50; or 0.10-10—all these ranges being in mg protease enzyme proteinper kg feed (ppm).

For determining mg enzyme protein per kg feed, the protease is purifiedfrom the feed composition, and the specific activity of the purifiedprotease is determined using a relevant assay (see under proteaseactivity, substrates, and assays). The protease activity of the feedcomposition as such is also determined using the same assay, and on thebasis of these two determinations, the dosage in mg enzyme protein perkg feed is calculated.

The same principles apply for determining mg enzyme protein in feedadditives. Of course, if a sample is available of the protease used forpreparing the feed additive or the feed, the specific activity isdetermined from this sample (no need to purify the protease from thefeed composition or the additive).

In a particular embodiment, the animal feed additive of the invention isa premix. A premix is usually intended for addition to (inclusion in)animal feed. A typical inclusion rate of premix in feed is 0.01-10.0%,more particularly 0.05-5.0%, or 0.2-1.0%, typically 0.5-1.0%. As theinclusion rate of premix in animal feed varies, it makes sense todescribe such premixes with regard to the intended, or prescribed,in-feed-concentrations of the various ingredients.

The premix of the invention contains a protease of the invention, and inaddition at least one fat- and/or water-soluble vitamin, and/or at leastone trace mineral.

In a particular embodiment, the premix includes, comprises or containsthe trace mineral copper, usually in the form of salts of the cupri orcupro ion, i.e. Cu²⁺ or Cu⁺, respectively, in particular inorganic saltsthereof. In particular embodiments of a premix of the invention, thepremix contains such an amount of copper (Cu) as to provide, whenincluded in the feed in the prescribed inclusion rate, a concentrationin the feed (“in-feed-concentration”) of 1-500 ppm copper (ppm meaning,e.g., mg/kg feed).

In further particular embodiments, the in-feed-concentration of copperis below or equal to 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120,130, 140, 150, 200, 300, or below or equal to 400 ppm. On the otherhand, the in-feed-concentration of Cu should be at least 0.2, 0.4, 0.6,0.8,1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, or at least 5.0 ppm. Any ranges ofin-feed-concentrations using any set of the above indicated upper andlower limits are specifically included herein. Non-limiting examplesthereof are 0.2-100, 0.4-100, 0.6-200, 0.8-100, 1-25, 1-50, 1-100,1-140, 1-150, 2-100, 3-100, 4-100, 5-100, 3-200, 4-200, 5-200, 3-300,4-300 and 5-300 ppm Cu.

The concentration of Cu in the premix as such is of course higher thanthe intended in-feed-concentration, typically 100-200 times thein-feed-concentration (based on inclusion rates of 1%, and 0.5%,respectively). Therefore, a premix may contain, comprise or include Cuin concentrations of up to 100,000 ppm (200 times anin-feed-concentration of 500 ppm), or even higher. The following arenon-limiting examples of maximum in-premix concentrations of Cu: 1000,1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500, 5000, 5500, 6000, 6500, 7000,7500, 8000, 8500, 9000, 9500, 10000, 20000, 30000, 40000, 50000, 60000,70000, 80000, 90000 ppm Cu. The following are non-limiting examples ofminimum in-premix concentrations of Cu: 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600,700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800,1900, or 2000 ppm Cu. Any ranges of in-premix-concentrations using anyset of the above indicated upper and lower limits are specificallyincluded herein. Non-limiting examples thereof are 100-100,000;200-90,000; 300-80,000; 400-70,000; 500-50,000; 100-10,000; 100-5,000;and 100-2000 ppm Cu.

The following are specific examples of premix compositions of theinvention, all of which additionally include a protease of the inventionto provide an in-feed concentration of 1-50 mg/kg. The concentrationsindicated below of the various other premix components are alsoin-feed-concentrations (per kg of the feed).

Premix for a piglet diet (complete compound feed): 135 ppm Cu, 100 ppmZn, 90 ppm Fe, 50 mg Mn, 1.24 ppm I, 0.3 ppm Se, 0.10 ppm Co, 10000IE/kg vit. A, 2000 IE/kg vit. D3, 90 mg/kg vit. E, 2.25 ppm vit. B1,3.75 ppm vit. B2, 10.50 ppm vit. B3, 7.5 ppm vit. B6, 0.03 ppm vit. B12,0.75 ppm vit. K, 0.06 ppm vit. H, 0.9 ppm folic acid, 16.5 ppm niacin.

Premix for another piglet diet: 14400 IE vit. A, 120000 IE vit. D3, 1440mg vit. E, 2.4 mg vit. B1, 7.2 mg vit. B2, 30 mg niacin, 4.8 mg vit. B6,48 pg vit. B12, 240 pg biotin, 21.6 mg pantothenic acid, 600 mgcholinchloride, 120 mg Zn, 90 mg Fe, 90 mg Mn, 24 mg Cu, 1.8 mg I, 0.84mg Co, 0,48 mg Se, 600 mg Mg.

Premix for a third piglet diet: 210 mg of Zn, 246 mg of Fe, 84 mg of Mn,24 mg of Cu, and 4 mg of I.

Premix for a broiler diet:: Retinol, 4.05; cholecalciferol, 0.05;tocopherol, 13.5; menadione, 2.25; thiamin, 1; choline, 375; riboflavin,5.4; panthothenic acid, 13.5; pyridoxine, 1.1, cyanocobalamin, 0.01;nicotonic acid, 40; biotin, 0.15; 1, 2.1; Co, 1.4; Se, 0.43; Cu, 7.2;Mn, 86; Zn, 57; Fe, 65; Mg, 110.

Premixes for other broiler diets contained 8 or 10 mg Cu/kg diet.

Detergent Compositions

The protease of the invention may be added to and thus become acomponent of a detergent composition.

The detergent composition of the invention may for example be formulatedas a hand or machine laundry detergent composition including a laundryadditive composition suitable for pre-treatment of stained fabrics and arinse added fabric softener composition, or be formulated as a detergentcomposition for use in general household hard surface cleaningoperations, or be formulated for hand or machine dishwashing operations.

In a specific aspect, the invention provides a detergent additivecomprising the protease of the invention. The detergent additive as wellas the detergent composition may comprise one or more other enzymes suchas a lipase, a cutinase, an amylase, a carbohydrase, a cellulase, apectinase, a mannanase, an arabinase, a galactanase, a xylanase, anoxidase, e.g., a laccase, and/or a peroxidase.

In general the properties of the chosen enzyme(s) should be compatiblewith the selected detergent, (i.e. pH-optimum, compatibility with otherenzymatic and non-enzymatic ingredients, etc.), and the enzyme(s) shouldbe present in effective amounts.

Suitable lipases include those of bacterial or fungal origin. Chemicallymodified or protein engineered mutants are included. Examples of usefullipases include lipases from Humicola (synonym Thermomyces), e.g. fromH. lanuginosa (T. lanuginosus) as described in EP 258068 and EP 305216or from H. insolens as described in WO 96/13580, a Pseudomonas lipase,e.g. from P. alcaligenes or P. pseudoalcaligenes (EP 218272), P. cepacia(EP 331376), P. stutzeri (GB 1,372,034), P. fluorescens, Pseudomonas sp.strain SD 705 (WO 95/06720 and WO 96/27002), P. wisconsinensis (WO96/12012), a Bacillus lipase, e.g. from B. subtilis (Dartois et al.(1993), Biochemica et Biophysica Acta, 1131, 253-360), B.stearothermophilus (JP 64/1744992) or B. pumilus (WO 91/16422). Otherexamples are lipase variants such as those described in WO 92/05249, WO94/01541, EP 407225, EP 260105, WO 95/35381, WO 96/00292, WO 95/30744,WO 94/25578, WO 95/14783, WO 95/22615, WO 97/04079 and WO 97/07202.Preferred commercially available lipase enzymes include Lipolase™ andLipolase Ultra™ (Novozymes A/S).

Suitable amylases (alpha- and/or beta-) include those of bacterial orfungal origin. Chemically modified or protein engineered mutants areincluded. Amylases include, for example, alpha-amylases obtained fromBacillus, e.g. a special strain of B. licheniformis, described in moredetail in GB 1,296,839. Examples of useful amylases are the variantsdescribed in WO 94/02597, WO 94/18314, WO 96/23873, and WO 97/43424,especially the variants with substitutions in one or more of thefollowing positions: 15, 23, 105, 106, 124, 128, 133, 154, 156, 181,188, 190, 197, 202, 208, 209, 243, 264, 304, 305, 391, 408, and 444.Commercially available amylases are DuraMyl™, TermaMyl™, FungaMyl™ andBAN™ (Novozymes A/S), Rapidase™ and Purastar™ (from GenencorInternational Inc.).

Suitable cellulases include those of bacterial or fungal origin.Chemically modified or protein engineered mutants are included. Suitablecellulases include cellulases from the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas,Humicola, Fusarium, Thielavia, Acremonium, e.g. the fungal cellulasesproduced from Humicola insolens, Myceliophthora thermophila and Fusariumoxysporum disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,435,307, U.S. Pat. No. 5,648,263,U.S. Pat. No. 5,691,178, U.S. Pat. No. 5,776,757 and WO 89/09259.Especially suitable cellulases are the alkaline or neutral cellulaseshaving colour care benefits. Examples of such cellulases are cellulasesdescribed in EP 0 495257, EP 531372, WO 96/11262, WO 96/29397, WO98/08940. Other examples are cellulase variants such as those describedin WO 94/07998, EP 0 531 315, U.S. Pat. No. 5,457,046, U.S. Pat. No.5,686,593, U.S. Pat. 5,763,254, WO 95/24471, WO 98/12307 and WO99/01544. Commercially available cellulases include Celluzyme™, andCarezyme™ (Novozymes A/S), Clazinase™, and Puradax HA™ (GenencorInternational Inc.), and KAC-500(B)™ (Kao Corporation).

Suitable peroxidases/oxidases include those of plant, bacterial orfungal origin. Chemically modified or protein engineered mutants areincluded. Examples of useful peroxidases include peroxidases fromCoprinus, e.g. from C. cinereus, and variants thereof as those describedin WO 93/24618, WO 95/10602, and WO 98/15257. Commercially availableperoxidases include Guardzyme™ (Novozymes).

The detergent enzyme(s) may be included in a detergent composition byadding separate additives containing one or more enzymes, or by adding acombined additive comprising all of these enzymes. A detergent additiveof the invention, i.e. a separate additive or a combined additive, canbe formulated e.g. as a granulate, a liquid, a slurry, etc. Preferreddetergent additive formulations are granulates, in particularnon-dusting granulates, liquids, in particular stabilized liquids, orslurries.

Non-dusting granulates may be produced, e.g., as disclosed in U.S. Pat.Nos. 4,106,991 and 4,661,452 and may optionally be coated by methodsknown in the art. Examples of waxy coating materials are poly(ethyleneoxide) products (polyethyleneglycol, PEG) with mean molar weights of1000 to 20000; ethoxylated nonylphenols having from 16 to 50 ethyleneoxide units; ethoxylated fatty alcohols in which the alcohol containsfrom 12 to 20 carbon atoms and in which there are 15 to 80 ethyleneoxide units; fatty alcohols; fatty acids; and mono- and di- andtriglycerides of fatty acids. Examples of film-forming coating materialssuitable for application by fluid bed techniques are given in GB1483591. Liquid enzyme preparations may, for instance, be stabilized byadding a polyol such as propylene glycol, a sugar or sugar alcohol,lactic acid or boric acid according to established methods. Protectedenzymes may be prepared according to the method disclosed in EP 238216.

The detergent composition of the invention may be in any convenientform, e.g., a bar, a tablet, a powder, a granule, a paste or a liquid. Aliquid detergent may be aqueous, typically containing up to 70 % waterand 0-30 % organic solvent, or non-aqueous.

The detergent composition comprises one or more surfactants, which maybe non-ionic including semi-polar and/or anionic and/or cationic and/orzwitterionic. The surfactants are typically present at a level of from0.1% to 60% by weight.

When included therein the detergent will usually contain from about 1%to about 40% of an anionic surfactant such as linearalkylbenzenesulfonate, alpha-olefinsulfonate, alkyl sulfate (fattyalcohol sulfate), alcohol ethoxysulfate, secondary alkanesulfonate,alpha-sulfo fatty acid methyl ester, alkyl- or alkenylsuccinic acid orsoap.

When included therein the detergent will usually contain from about 0.2%to about 40% of a non-ionic surfactant such as alcohol ethoxylate,nonylphenol ethoxylate, alkylpolyglycoside, alkyldimethylamineoxide,ethoxylated fatty acid monoethanolamide, fatty acid monoethanolamide,polyhydroxy alkyl fatty acid amide, or N-acyl N-alkyl derivatives ofglucosamine (“glucamides”).

The detergent may contain 0-65 % of a detergent builder or complexingagent such as zeolite, diphosphate, triphosphate, phosphonate,carbonate, citrate, nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, alkyl- or alkenylsuccinicacid, soluble silicates or layered silicates (e.g. SKS-6 from Hoechst).

The detergent may comprise one or more polymers. Examples arecarboxymethylcellulose, poly(vinylpyrrolidone), poly (ethylene glycol),poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinylpyridine-N-oxide), poly(vinylimidazole),polycarboxylates such as polyacrylates, maleic/acrylic acid copolymersand lauryl methacrylate/acrylic acid copolymers.

The detergent may contain a bleaching system which may comprise a H₂O₂source such as perborate or percarbonate which may be combined with aperacid-forming bleach activator such as tetraacetylethylenediamine ornonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate. Alternatively, the bleaching system maycomprise peroxyacids of e.g. the amide, imide, or sulfone type.

The enzyme(s) of the detergent composition of the invention may bestabilized using conventional stabilizing agents, e.g., a polyol such aspropylene glycol or glycerol, a sugar or sugar alcohol, lactic acid,boric acid, or a boric acid derivative, e.g., an aromatic borate ester,or a phenyl boronic acid derivative such as 4-formylphenyl boronic acid,and the composition may be formulated as described in e.g. WO 92/19709and WO 92119708.

The detergent may also contain other conventional detergent ingredientssuch as e.g. fabric conditioners including clays, foam boosters, sudssuppressors, anti-corrosion agents, soil-suspending agents, anti-soilredeposition agents, dyes, bactericides, optical brighteners,hydrotropes, tarnish inhibitors, or perfumes.

It is at present contemplated that in the detergent compositions anyenzyme, in particular the enzyme of the invention, may be added in anamount corresponding to 0.01-100 mg of enzyme protein per liter of washliqour, preferably 0.05-5 mg of enzyme protein per liter of wash liqour,in particular 0.1-1 mg of enzyme protein per liter of wash liqour.

The enzyme of the invention may additionally be incorporated in thedetergent formulations disclosed in WO 97/07202.

Deposit of Biological Material

The following biological materials have been deposited under the termsof the Budapest Treaty with the NRRL (Agricultural Research ServicePatent Culture Collection, Northern Regional Research Center), the DSM(Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH,Mascheroder Weg 1b, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany), and the CGMCC (ChinaGeneral Microbiological Culture Collection Center, Institute ofMicrobiology, Beijing 100080, China), respectively, and given thefollowing accession numbers: Deposit Accession Number Date of DepositNocardiopsis sp. NRRL 18262 Nov. 10, 1987 Nocardiopsis prasina DSM 15648May 30, 2003 Nocardiopsis prasina DSM 15649 May 30, 2003 Nocardiopsisalba DSM 15647 May 30, 2003 Brachysporiella sp. CGMCC 0865 Dec. 19, 2002Escherichia coli DSM 15509 Mar. 18, 2003

The strain Nocardiopsis dassonvillei subsp. dassonvillei DSM 43235 ispublicly available from DSM. This strain was also deposited at otherdepositary institutions as follows: ATCC 23219, IMRU 1250, NCTC 10489.The strain Nocardiopsis sp. NRRL 18262 was deposited in connection withthe filing of another patent application.

The strains have been deposited under conditions that assure that accessto the cultures will be available during the pendency of this patentapplication to one determined by the Commissioner of Patents andTrademarks to be entitled thereto under 37 C.F.R. §1.14 and 35 U.S.C.§122. The deposits represent substantially pure cultures of thedeposited strains. The deposits are available as required by foreignpatent laws in countries wherein counterparts of the subject applicationor its progeny are filed. However, it should be understood that theavailability of a deposit does not constitute a license to practice thesubject invention in derogation of patent rights granted by governmentalaction.

The Brachysporiella strain CGMCC 0865 was isolated from dead branches ofan unidentified plant in China in October 1998. The strains Nocardiopsisprasina DSM 15648, Nocardiopsis prasina DSM 15649, and Nocardiopsis albaDSM 15647 were isolated from soil samples in Denmark in 2001.

The invention described and claimed herein is not to be limited in scopeby the specific embodiments herein disclosed, since these embodimentsare intended as illustrations of several aspects of the invention. Anyequivalent embodiments are intended to be within the scope of thisinvention. Indeed, various modifications of the invention in addition tothose shown and described herein will become apparent to those skilledin the art from the foregoing description. Such modifications are alsointended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. In the case ofconflict, the present disclosure including definitions will control.

Various references are cited herein, the disclosures of which areincorporated by reference in their entireties.

EXAMPLES Example 1 Proteases

The following proteases were purified using conventional methods fromfermentations of the respective wild type strains or recombinant hostcells:

Protease 10 (amino acids 1-188 of SEQ ID NO: 2), Protease 18 (aminoacids 1-188 of SEQ ID NO: 1 2), the Brachysporiella protease (aminoacids 1-186 of SEQ ID NO: 14), the Metarhizium protease (amino acids1-188 of SEQ ID NO: 4), Protease 08 (amino acids 1-188 of SEQ ID NO:10), Protease 11 (amino acids 1-188 of SEQ ID NO: 6), and Protease 35(amino acids 1-188 of SEQ ID NO: 8).

The purity by SDS-PAGE (see Example 2) of the protease preparations wasabove 95%, and the Absorption Purity (A₂₈₀/A₂₆₀ ratio; see Example 3)was above 1.40.

Example 2 Determination of Purity by SDS-PAGE

The purity of the proteases mentioned in Example 1 was determined bySDS-PAGE using the following procedure:

40ul (micro liter) protease solution (A₂₈₀ concentration =0.025) wasmixed with 40 ul 0.1M PMSF in an Eppendorf tube on ice and left for halfan hour. Then 20 ul 50% (w/v) TCA (trichloroacetic acid) was added tothe Eppendorf tube. After another half an hour on ice the tube wascentrifuged (5 minutes, 0° C., 14.000×g) and the supernatant wascarefully removed. 20 ul SDS-PAGE sample buffer (200 ul Tris-Glycine SDSSample Buffer (2×) (125 mM Tris/HCl, pH6.8, 4% (w/v) SDS, 50 ppmbromophenol blue, 20% (v/v) Glycerol, LC2676 from Invitrogen™)+160 uldist. water+20 ul beta-mercaptoethanol+20 ul 3M unbuffered Tris Base(Sigma T-1503) was added to the precipitate and the tube was boiled for3 minutes. The tube was centrifuged shortly and 10 ul sample was appliedto a 4-20% gradient Tris-Glycine precast gel from Invitrogen™(polyacrylamide gradient gel based on the Laemmli chemistry but withoutSDS in the gel, (Laemmli, U. K., (1970) Nature, vol. 227, pp. 680-685),EC60255). The electrophoresis was performed with Tris-Glycine runningbuffer (2.9 g Tris Base, 14.4 g Glycine, 1.0 g SDS, distilled water to 1liter) in both buffer reservoirs at a 150V constant voltage until thebromophenol blue tracking dye had reached the bottom of the gel. Afterelectrophoresis, the gel was rinsed 3 times, 5 minutes each, with 100 mlof distilled water by gentle shaking. The gel was then gently shakenwith Gelcode® Blue Stain Reagent (colloidal Comassie G-250 product fromPIERCE, PIERCE cat. No. 24592) for one hour and washed by gentle shakingfor 8 to 16 hours with distilled water with several changes of distilledwater. Finally, the gel was dried between 2 pieces of cellophane. Driedgels were scanned with a Arcus II scanner from AGFA equipped withFotolook 95 v2.08 software and imported to the image evaluation softwareCREAM™ for Windows (catalogue nos. 990001 and 990005, Kem-En-Tec,Denmark) by the File/Acquire command with the following settings (ofFotolook 95 v2.08): Original=Reflective, Mode=Color RGB, Scanresolution=240 ppi, Output resolution=120lpi, Scale factor=100%,Range=Histogram with Global selection and Min=0 and Max=215,ToneCurve=None, Sharpness=None, Descreen=None and Flavor=None, therebyproducing an *.img picture file of the SDS-PAGE gel, which was used forevaluation in CREAM™. The *.img picture file was evaluated with the menucommand Analysis/1-D. Two scan lines were placed on the *.img picturefile with the Lane Place Tool: A Sample scan line and a Background scanline. The Sample scan line was placed in the middle of a sample lane(with the protease in question) from just below the application slot tojust above the position of the bromophenol blue tracking dye. TheBackground scan line was placed parallel to the Sample scan line, but ata position in the pictured SDS-PAGE gel where no sample was applied,start and endpoints for the Background scan line were perpendicular tothe start and endpoints of the Sample scan line. The Background scanline represents the true background of the gel. The width and shape ofthe scan lines were not adjusted. The intensity along the scan lineswhere now recorded with the 1-D/Scan menu command with Mediumsensitivity. Using the 1-D/Editor menu command, the Background scan wassubtracted from the Sample scan. Then the 1-D/Results menu command wasselected and the Area % of the protease peak, as calculated by theCREAM™ software, was used as the SDS-PAGE purity of the proteases.

All the protease samples had an SDS-PAGE purity of above 95%.

Example 3 Determination of Absorption Purity

The A₂₈₀/A₂₆₀ ratio of the purified protease samples was determined asfollows.

A₂₆₀ means the absorption of a protease sample at 260 nm in a 1 cm pathlength cuvette relative to a buffer blank. A₂₈₀ means the absorption ofthe same protease sample at 280 nm in a 1 cm path length cuvetterelative to a buffer blank.

Samples of the purified proteases from Example 1 were diluted in bufferuntil the A₂₈₀ reading of the spectrophotometer was within the linearpart of its response curve. The A₂₈₀/A₂₆₀ ratio was determined from thereadings. The following results were obtained: Protease 10: 1.94,Protease 18: 1.96, Brachysporiella protease: 1.48, Metarhizium protease:1.95, Protease 08: 1.86, Protease 11: 1.95, Protease 35: 1.94.

Example 4 Protease Assay - and the Influence of Various Inhibitors onStability and Activity of Selected Proteases

The influence of various potential inhibitors on the activity andstability of the proteases of Example 1 was tested as described below.

Assay buffer

100 mM succinic acid (Merck 1.00682), 100 mM HEPES (Sigma H-3375), 100mM CHES (Sigma C-2885), 100 mM CABS (Sigma C-5580), 1 mM CaCl₂, 150 mMKCl, 0.01% Triton X-100 (Sigma T-9284) adjusted to pH 7.0 with NaOH.

Inhibitors

-   Fe(II)SO₄.7H₂O, Sigma F-7002-   Cu(II)SO₄.5H₂O, Merck 2790-   Zn(II)Ac₂.2H₂O, Merck 8802-   Mg(II)Cl₂.6H₂O, Merck 105832-   Mn(II)Cl₂.2H₂O, Merck 5934-   Choline chloride, Aldrich C7,970-0    pNA Assay    pNA substrate: Suc-AAPF-pNA (Bachem L-1400) or Boc-VLGR-pNA (Bachem    L-1205). Temperature: 25° C.

20 ul (micro liter) protease (diluted in 0.01% Triton X-100) was placedin a well of a micro titer plate. The assay was started by adding 200 ulpNA substrate (50 mg dissolved in 1.0 ml DMSO and further diluted 100×with assay buffer). The increase in OD₄₅₀ was monitored as a measure ofthe protease activity.

Dose/response relationships (OD₄₀₅ min versus (mg enzyme)/l) weredetermined using the pNA assay for a number of proteases, with andwithout the various inhibitors. The dose-response curves were linearover a satisfactory broad range of enzyme concentrations. Varyingdegrees of inhibition were observed: Some proteases included forcomparative purposes, viz. porcine trypsin and the SAVINASE™ protease (asubtilisin protease derived from Bacillus clausii, commerciallyavailable from Novozymes A/S, Krogshoejvej 36, D K-2880 Bagsvaerd,Denmark) were not inhibited, while other proteases were. The addition ofinhibitors to already developed yellow p-nitroaniline colour proved tohave no effect. It was therefore concluded that the pNA assay was indeedsuitable for inhibition measurements.

Stability Assay

The protease was diluted to approx. 1 m g/ml (see below) in assay bufferwith 0.1% (w/v) K-sorbate (potassium salt of sorbic acid) and 1 mMinhibitor. The mixture was incubated at 25° C.). At intervals, a samplewas withdrawn from the incubation (after thorough mixing) and frozen.After dilution in assay buffer, residual activity was measured using thepNA assay. For the 1 mM inhibitor additions, the incubation was dilutedin assay buffer with 5mM EDTA in order to see a pure stability effect.

Protease concentrations were estimated from the theoretical molarextinction coefficients, E₂₈₀ (1M), which can be calculated from theamino acid composition using the formula: E₂₈₀(1M)=5690*N_(Trp)+1280*N_(Tyr)+120*N_(Cys), where N_(Trp), N_(Tyr) andN_(Cys) are the number of Trp, Tyr, and Cys amino acid residues in theprotease (Gill, S. C., von Hippel, P. H., Analytical Biochemistry 182,319-326, (1989)) and the molecular weight, M_(W), of the proteasecalculated from the amino acid sequence. From an A₂₈₀ measurement of apure protease sample (more than 95% pure according to Example 2), theprotease concentration was calculated as: Conc (mg/ml)=(A₂₈₀*M_(W))/E₂₈₀(1M)).

Inhibition Results

The dose/response curves (OD₄₀₅/min versus (mg enzyme)/l) showed noinhibition of any of the proteases by Fe²⁺, Zn²⁺, Mg²⁺, Mn²⁺ or cholinechloride (in concentrations of 1mM, added to the assay buffer). Cu²⁺,however, inhibited all of the proteases tested (to a varying extent, asit appears from Table 1 below).

First, the effect of various Cu²⁺ concentrations was tested with anenzyme dosage of 1 mg/l. At least in the range of 0 to 1 mM Cu²⁺ thereseemed to be a linear relationship between inhibition and concentrationof Cu²⁺, the inhibition manifesting itself as a decrease in the enzymeactivity with increasing concentrations of Cu²⁺ (the enzyme activitybeing measured as average OD₄₀₅ increase/time from the linear part ofdose/response curves).

Table 1 shows the activity of the various proteases tested (at enzymeconcentrations of 1 mg/l, using a concentration of Cu²⁺ of 1 mM, andusing Suc-AAPF-pNA as a substrate, at pH 7 and 25° C.), relative to acontrol experiment which was identical, except for no Cu²⁺ being added.TABLE 1 Enzyme Activity/mOD₄₀₅/min Control +1 mM Relative Enzyme (noCu²⁺) Cu²⁺ Activity Protease 10 122.2 80.3 0.657 Protease 18 193.1 158.00.818 Brachysporiella protease 72.6 50.5 0.695 Metarhizium protease118.2 72.4 0.612 Protease 08 216.0 174.5 0.808 Protease 11 133.6 92.30.691 Protease 35 109.2 75.0 0.687Stability Results

The stability of the various proteases in the presence of the variousinhibitors in a concentration of 1 mM was tested as described above. Theonly inhibitor that had some effect on the stability of some of theproteases was Cu²⁺. However, the effect of this inhibitor was not thesame on all the proteases: See the results in Table 2 below showing thatProtease 18 and the Brachysporiella proteases are indeed stable in thepresence of 1 mM Cu²⁺, while the other proteases are not. TABLE 2Enzyme/ Incubation Residual Enzyme Activity time/hours 0 3.1 18.6 44.0116.0 164.0 188.6 Protease 10 1.000 0.952 0.868 0.874 0.837 0.752 0.723Protease 18 1.000 0.985 1.008 1.003 0.982 1.030 0.993 Brachysporiella1.000 1.022 1.073 1.057 1.029 1.053 0.984 protease Metarhizium 1.0000.979 0.939 0.891 0.760 0.651 0.627 protease Protease 08 1.000 0.9360.867 0.842 0.767 0.721 0.703 Protease 11 1.000 0.930 1.032 0.930 0.7370.616 0.581 Protease 35 1.000 0.960 0.918 0.852 0.807 0.745 0.733

1-23. (canceled)
 24. A protease of peptidase family S2A and/or peptidasefamily S1E which (a) has a residual activity of at least 0.80 afterincubation for 164 hours, at pH 7 and 25□C, in assay buffer supplementedwith 0.1% K-Sorbate, and in the presence of 1 mM Cu2+, the residualactivity being measured relative to the activity after 0 hours ofincubation; and/or (b) has a relative activity of at least 0.67 in thepresence of 1 mM Cu2+, relative to a control without Cu2+; wherein theactivity measurements of i) and ii) are on the substrate Suc-AAPF-pNA,in assay buffer at pH 7.0 and 25° C.; and wherein for the measurementsof i), the protease has a purity by SDS-PAGE of at least 90%; whichprotease (c) comprises an amino acid sequence which, when alignedaccording to FIG. 1, comprises at least one of the following:(T120+R122+T127+Y129), (T120+N122+P127+F129), or (T120+S122+T127+Q129);  i)and/or(T91+T176+I179+N180), or (S91+N176+L179+E180),   ii) wherein thenumbering of each amino acid residue corresponds to the numbering ofProtease 10 (amino acids 1-188 of SEQ ID NO: 2).
 25. The protease ofclaim 1 comprising an amino acid sequence which does not comprise any ofthe following:(T120+N122+A127+S129),   a)and not(S120+S122+T127+T129);   b)
 26. The protease of claim 24, comprising anamino acid sequence which does not comprise any of the following:(S91+N176+L179+Q180),   a)and not(H91+T176+V179+N180).   b)
 27. The protease of claim 24, comprising anamino acid sequence which does not comprise any of the following:(V51+Q54+A86+A89+H91+S99+S120+S122+E125+T127+T129+N130+  a)M131+T135+R165+T166+T176+V179+N180),   a)and not(T51+G54+P86+S89+S91+S99+T120+N122+Q125+A127+S129+S130+L131+S135+S165+R166+N176+L179+Q180).  b)
 28. The protease of claim 24, comprising an amino acid sequencewhich comprises at least one of the following: T51; N54 or G54; Q86 orP86; T89 or F89; T91 or S91; A99 or G99; T120; R122 or N122; Q125 orV125; T127 or P127; Y129 or F129; S130 or G130; L131; N135 or S135; S165or T165; V166 or S166; T176 or N176; I179 or L179; N180 or E180.
 29. Theprotease of claim 24, comprising an amino acid sequence which comprises:(T51+N54+Q86+T89+T91+A99+T120+R122+Q125+T127+Y129+S130+L131+N135+S165+V166+T176+I179+N180),  a) or(T51+G54+P86+F89+S91+G99+T120+N122+V125+P127+F129+G130+L131+S135+T165+S166+N176+L179+E180).  b)
 30. The protease of claim 24, comprising an amino acid sequencewhich comprises (H35+D61+S143).
 31. The protease of claim 24, comprisingan amino acid sequence which comprises: (A33+G34+H35+C36+G37); D61; and(C137+A138+E139+P140+G141+D142+S143+G144+G145).
 32. The protease ofclaim 24, selected from the group consisting of: (a) a polypeptidehaving an amino acid sequence which has a degree of identity of at least40% to amino acids 1 to 186 of SEQ ID NO: 14, and/or to amino acids1-188 of (SEQ ID NOs: 12, 10, 8, 6, 4 or 2); (b) a polypeptide which isencoded by a nucleic acid sequence which hybridizes under low stringencyconditions with (i) the mature protease encoding part of the plasmidcontained in Escherichia coli DSM 15509, (ii) nucleotides 726-1283 ofSEQ ID NO: 13, nucleotides 499-1062 of SEQ ID NO: 11, nucleotides502-1065 of SEQ ID NO: 9, nucleotides 496-1059 of SEQ ID NO: 7,nu-cleotides 496-1059 of SEQ ID NO: 5, nucleotides 559-1122 of SEQ IDNO: 3, and/or nucleo-tides 900-1466 of SEQ ID NO: 1, (iii) a subsequenceof (i) or (ii) of at least 100 nucleotides, or (iv) a complementarystrand of (i), (ii) or (iii); (c) a variant of the polypeptide having anamino acid sequence of amino acids 1 to 186 of SEQ ID NO: 14, and/oramino acids 1-188 of (SEQ ID NOs: 12, 10, 8, 6, 4 or 2) compris-ing asubstitution, deletion, and/or insertion of one or more amino acids; (d)an allelic variant of (a) or (b); and (e) a fragment of (a), (b), or (d)that has protease activity.
 33. A transgenic, non-human animal, orproducts, or elements thereof, which are capable of expressing thepolypeptide of claim
 24. 34. An animal feed additive comprising at leastone protease of claim 24 and (a) at least one fat soluble vitamin,and/or (b) at least one water soluble vitamin, and/or (c) at least onetrace mineral.
 35. The animal feed additive of claim 34 which containsCu, preferably in such an amount as to provide an in-feed-concentrationof Cu of 1-500 ppm.
 36. The animal feed additive of claim 34 whichcontains Cu in a concentration of up to 100,000 ppm.
 37. An animal feedcomposition having a crude protein content of 50 to 800 g/kg andcomprising at least one protease of claim
 24. 38. The animal feedcomposition of claim 37, which contains Cu, preferably in aconcentration of 1-500 ppm.
 39. A detergent composition comprising atleast one protease of claim 24 and at least one surfactant.
 40. Anisolated nucleic acid sequence comprising a nucleic acid sequence whichencodes the polypeptide of claim
 24. 41. A nucleic acid constructcomprising the nucleic acid sequence of claim 40 operably linked to oneor more control sequences that direct the production of the polypeptidein a suitable expression host.
 42. A recombinant expression vectorcomprising the nucleic acid construct of claim
 41. 43. A recombinanthost cell comprising the nucleic acid construct of claim
 41. 44. Amethod for producing a polypeptide, comprising (a) cultivating arecombinant host cell of claim 43 to produce a supernatant comprisingthe polypeptide; and (b) recovering the polypeptide.
 45. A transgenicplant, or plant part, capable of expressing the polypeptide of claim 24.